The multi-lingual voice over has been added to the sound - so very difficult to hear the speaker.

All slides are referenced with primary studies accepted and published. Retinoids change both keratinocytes (in vivo and in vitro) [1] and fibroblasts (in vivo) [2] transcripts improving physiological wound healing processes. The effect of oral retinoids on acne scars (not keloid or hypertrophic ones) is proved and further hampered in the combination studies with lasers, as referenced [3,4]. Remarkably, the preventive effect of isotretinoin in keloids and hypertrophic scars remains debated [5]. For further information toward pharmacology and omics data on retinoids do not hesitate to contact me to my academic address: Giovanni.damiani1@unimi.it References: 1) Lee DD, Stojadinovic O, Krzyzanowska A, Vouthounis C, Blumenberg M, Tomic-Canic M. Retinoid-responsive transcriptional changes in epidermal keratinocytes. J Cell Physiol. 2009 Aug;220(2):427-439. 2) Shigematsu T, Tajima S. Modulation of collagen synthesis and cell proliferation by retinoids in human skin fibroblasts. J Dermatol Sci. 1995 Mar;9(2):142-5. 3) Gallo ES, Katz U, Artzi O. Fractional Radiofrequency and Oral Isotretinoin-A Prospective Randomized Controlled Split-Face Trial Comparing Concurrent Versus Delayed Fractional Radiofrequency Treatment for Acne Scars. Lasers Surg Med. 2024 Aug;56(6):574-580. 4) Xue H, Ye D, Huang S, He S, Li Y, Liu J, Hu D, Zhu Y, Hu G, Dong Y, Shen H, Zeng WH, Wang Z. Efficacy and safety of low-dose oral isotretinoin monotherapy versus combined therapy with picosecond laser for the treatment of acne scars in Asian population. Lasers Surg Med. 2023 Apr;55(4):359-371. 5) Guadanhim LR, Gonçalves RG, Bagatin E. Observational retrospective study evaluating the effects of oral isotretinoin in keloids and hypertrophic scars. Int J Dermatol. 2016 Nov;55(11):1255-1258.

Lots of theory with no convincing results. Oral isotretinoin temporarily removes oil from spongy acne scars. No long-term convincing results are presented.