Objectives: To compare the degradation of Juvéderm® VoluxTM with other volumizing HA-based fillers following a single administration of hyaluronidase

Introduction: Hyaluronic acid (HA) filler degradation by hyaluronidase may be influenced by the physiochemical properties of the filler (eg, crosslinking, HA concentration)1

Materials / method: The study design is shown in Figure 1
• Rats were injected subcutaneously with filler to create a projecting bolus (n=8 samples per test material)
• After 4 days, hyaluronidase (Hylenex, Halozyme Therapeutics) was injected inside the bolus
• Changes in filler projection were represented as the percentage of baseline mean height and analyzed using a 2-way ANOVA with Tukey test
• A range of HA-based volumizing fillers was evaluated (Table 1)

Results: The percentage of baseline height was similar 1 hour after hyaluronidase injection, with continued loss of projection at the 2-hour timepoint through 48 hours (Figure 2)
• Although Teosyal RHA 4, Belotero Volume, and Restylane Lyft showed faster degradation than Juvéderm Volux 1 hour after hyaluronidase injection, differences were no longer observed from 2 to 48 hours (Figure 3)
• At 48 hours, HA filler projections ranged from 6% (Juvéderm Volux) to 25% (Teosyal Ultra Deep) of baseline height (Table 2)

Conclusion: Juvéderm Volux demonstrated similar rates of degradation 2 to 48 hours after hyaluronidase injection compared with other volumizing fillers
Differences in properties among fillers do not greatly impact the sensitivity to enzymatic degradation beyond the earliest timepoints

Declaraciones

¿Ha recibido algún tipo de financiamiento para realizar su investigación sobre esta temática?
No

¿Ha recibido algún pago, honorario u otra compensación por su trabajo acerca de esta investigación?
No

¿Tiene vínculos financieros con alguna entidad que podría llegar a competir estrechamente con los medicamentos, materiales o instrumentos tratados en su investigación?
No

¿Posee o ha solicitado una patente relacionada a los materiales, productos o instrumentos utilizados en su investigación?
No

Este trabajo no cuenta con el apoyo de ningún financiamiento directo o indirecto. El autor asume plena responsabilidad sobre el mismo.

Objectives: Whek injected either intravenously (IV) or subcutaneously (SC) into NC/Nga mice treated with house dust mite antigens, ASC-exosomes were found to reduce pathological symptoms such as clinical score, the levels of serum IgE, the number of eosinophils in blood, and the infiltration of mast cells, CD86+, and CD206+ cells in skin lesions. ASC-exosomes also significantly reduced mRNA expression of various inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-23, IL31, and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) in AD skin lesions of
Nc/Nga mice. Taken together, these results suggest that ASC-exosomes can b

Introduction: Since current treatment options for atopic dermatitis (AD) are limited and have potentially harmful side effects, there are unmet needs to develop novel therapies that are safe and efficacious. Several biologics targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines are currently under development and dupilumab, a dual inhibitor of IL-4 and IL-13, was recently approved by the US FDA for treating adults with moderate to severe AD. Although long-term follow-up study is needed to determine late side effects of dupilumab, its efficacy indicates that multiple targeting is a plausible way to treat AD

Results: Collectively, these data demonstrate that systemic administration of ASC-exosomes ameliorates AD-like symptoms through the regulation of inflammatory responses and expression of inflammatory cytokines.
These findings indicate that ASC-exosomes could be a novel cell-free therapeutic strategy to treat AD.).

Conclusion: In fact, a report has shown that donor age negatively impacts immuno-modulatory properties of ASC [14]. Further studies will be needed to confirm whether the potency of ASC-exosomes from aged donors correlates with our observations in younger, healthy donors.

Declaraciones

¿Ha recibido algún tipo de financiamiento para realizar su investigación sobre esta temática?
No

¿Ha recibido algún pago, honorario u otra compensación por su trabajo acerca de esta investigación?
No

¿Tiene vínculos financieros con alguna entidad que podría llegar a competir estrechamente con los medicamentos, materiales o instrumentos tratados en su investigación?
No

¿Posee o ha solicitado una patente relacionada a los materiales, productos o instrumentos utilizados en su investigación?
No

Este trabajo no cuenta con el apoyo de ningún financiamiento directo o indirecto. El autor asume plena responsabilidad sobre el mismo.

Objectives: The number of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) cases is increasing worldwide. Recently, general anaesthesia (GA)-related cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions have been reported, with an increase in surgeries performed under GA. However, the relationship between GA exposure and CSU is not well known. Therefore, we investigated the risk of CSU in patients who underwent surgery with or without GA.

Introduction: GA is associated with non-allergic disorders, such as cardiovascular, respiratory, and neurologic complications, as well as various allergic disorders. However, the long-term effects of GA exposure on these allergic disorders have not been evaluated, and the relationship between GA and CSU remains unclear. Thus, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to determine whether the risk of CSU increases after exposure to GA using a nationwide sample cohort followed for up to 2 years.

Materials / method: A nationwide retrospective cohort study, including those exposed (n=145,903) and unexposed (n=291,806; control participants) to GA (1:2 ratio), was conducted using national sample cohort data from 2002 to 2015. All participants were followed up for 2 years after cohort entry. Cox regression was performed to evaluate the risk of CSU.

Results: The risk of CSU was significantly higher in the GA group than in the non-GA group (adjusted hazard ratio 1.33; 95% confidence interval 1.20–1.47). In adult participants, the cumulative incidence of CSU was higher in the GA group than in the non-GA group (log-rank P<0.001); however, it was not significantly different in young participants (age 0–19 years). Multivariate analysis revealed that longer exposure to GA was associated with a higher risk of CSU.

Conclusion: Our data suggest the possible role of GA in the development of CSU, especially in adults.

Declaraciones

¿Ha recibido algún tipo de financiamiento para realizar su investigación sobre esta temática?
No

¿Ha recibido algún pago, honorario u otra compensación por su trabajo acerca de esta investigación?
No

¿Tiene vínculos financieros con alguna entidad que podría llegar a competir estrechamente con los medicamentos, materiales o instrumentos tratados en su investigación?
No

¿Posee o ha solicitado una patente relacionada a los materiales, productos o instrumentos utilizados en su investigación?
No

Este trabajo no cuenta con el apoyo de ningún financiamiento directo o indirecto. El autor asume plena responsabilidad sobre el mismo.

Objectives: The outcome of lower face augmentation with hyaluronic acid (HA) injections may be affected by different treatment approaches. In this study, a flexible HA filler, HA-DEF, was used to treat multiple indications stepwise, either down-up, injecting the chin on Day 1, followed by nasolabial folds (NLFs) and/or marionette lines (MLs) at Week 3, or top-down, NLFs/MLs on Day 1, and the chin at Week 3.

Materials / method: Subjects were randomized 1:1 to a treatment sequence and treated in each area on Day 1 and Week 3, with optional touch-up at Week 6. A follow-up was performed at Week 9. Evaluations included aesthetic improvement on a Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS), naturalness, skin firmness, facial harmony, submental area, subject satisfaction (including two FACE-Q scales) and adverse events (AEs).

Results: Combined treatment of chin and NLFs/MLs was performed in 31 subjects using a down-up approach and 29 using a top-down. At Week 9, both treatment approaches achieved high rates of aesthetic improvement (100%), improved skin firmness (≥93%), natural-looking results (≥96%), improved facial harmony (100%) and for those who needed it, improvement in the submental area (≥95%). Satisfaction with treatment was also high in both groups (≥79% top-down, ≥90% down-up). Treatment-related AEs were non-serious, mild and transient.

Conclusion: Both combination treatment approaches were well tolerated and achieved similar favorable results at Week 9, including high aesthetic improvement, improved skin firmness and facial harmony, with sustained naturalness and high subject satisfaction.

Declaraciones

¿Ha recibido algún tipo de financiamiento para realizar su investigación sobre esta temática?
No

¿Ha recibido algún pago, honorario u otra compensación por su trabajo acerca de esta investigación?
No

¿Tiene vínculos financieros con alguna entidad que podría llegar a competir estrechamente con los medicamentos, materiales o instrumentos tratados en su investigación?
No

¿Posee o ha solicitado una patente relacionada a los materiales, productos o instrumentos utilizados en su investigación?
No

Este trabajo no cuenta con el apoyo de ningún financiamiento directo o indirecto. El autor asume plena responsabilidad sobre el mismo.

Objectives: Aim of the study This study aim to evaluate the effect of Produktil, on the wound healing ability of human fibroblasts

Results: Wound Healing Assay
We measure the ability of an active compound to stimulate or reduce the ability of fibroblast to migrate and repair a wound. H yaluronic acid can influence both the cells and the extracellular matrix, typically accelerating the wound healing process. In this study we evaluated the effect of Produktil to stimulate wound closure. As clearly shown in figures Produktil has a significant higher impact such as that at 48 hours the wound was completely closed (100%) while in the control and the Other NC HA was still opened.

Conclusion: We can identify a diferente effect on fibroblast biology. Produktil is not citotoxic and fibroblas for wound healing. This difference could be explained by the effect on amino acids during wound clouse when cells are in high metabolic demands.

Declaraciones

¿Ha recibido algún tipo de financiamiento para realizar su investigación sobre esta temática?
No

¿Ha recibido algún pago, honorario u otra compensación por su trabajo acerca de esta investigación?
No

¿Tiene vínculos financieros con alguna entidad que podría llegar a competir estrechamente con los medicamentos, materiales o instrumentos tratados en su investigación?
No

¿Posee o ha solicitado una patente relacionada a los materiales, productos o instrumentos utilizados en su investigación?
No

Este trabajo no cuenta con el apoyo de ningún financiamiento directo o indirecto. El autor asume plena responsabilidad sobre el mismo.

Objectives: 1. to present the reconstruction method in the lateral and central lower lid defect using midface lift
2. to present the reconstruction method in the medial lower lid defect using local flap
3. to present the experience of lasers after skin graft

Introduction: Clinically, skin defects of the lower eyelids are caused by skin tumors, trauma, and lower blepharoplasty, and local flaps and skin grafts are known as reconstructive methods. Because the lower eyelid belongs to the middle face and is a very cosmetically important position, special consideration for scars is required. According to the location and size of the defect, the author has applied various methods such as mid-face lift, local flap, and skin graft. In this study, I would like to report cosmetically satisfactory result and experience.

Materials / method: From 2010 to 2016, 95 cases of lower eyelid skin defect were included. Causes were classified as cutaneous malignant tumors of the lower eyelid in 37 cases, lower blepharoplasty in 41 cases, benign tumors in 6 cases, and trauma in 11 cases.
For the treatment, midface lift was performed in 49 cases, local flap in 21 cases, and skin grafting in 25 cases. Pigment laser (585 nm pulsed-dye laser, 6.5 J/cm2, 5-mm spot size) was performed 3 times at monthly intervals in the patients who underwent skin grafting.

Results: In cases where the defect was mainly in the central and lateral areas of the lower eyelid, reconstruction using a midface lift was cosmetically satisfactory as it reduced the need for skin grafting, and placed the scar in the subciliary area. If there was a defect on the medial side of the lower eyelid, a local flap using the lower eyelid was performed if possible or a skin graft was used. Local flap using the nose or glabellar area avoided, as it may lead to a cosmetically unfavorable course due to different skin characteristics. In the case of skin grafting, a pigment laser was performed 3 t

Conclusion: In order to obtain a cosmetically excellent result in lower eyelid reconstruction, it is helpful to perform a midface lift or a local flap using the lower eyelid as much as possible. In addition, when skin grafting is unavoidably performed, the cosmetic result can be improved by using a pigment laser.

Declaraciones

¿Ha recibido algún tipo de financiamiento para realizar su investigación sobre esta temática?
No

¿Ha recibido algún pago, honorario u otra compensación por su trabajo acerca de esta investigación?
No

¿Tiene vínculos financieros con alguna entidad que podría llegar a competir estrechamente con los medicamentos, materiales o instrumentos tratados en su investigación?
No

¿Posee o ha solicitado una patente relacionada a los materiales, productos o instrumentos utilizados en su investigación?
No

Este trabajo no cuenta con el apoyo de ningún financiamiento directo o indirecto. El autor asume plena responsabilidad sobre el mismo.

Objectives: One of the most frequently performed proce-
dures in clinicl practice is scar treatment.
Scars can occur for a variety of reasons. Treat-
ment of these scars depends on the cause of
the scar, the elapsed time, and the shape and
color of the scar. The treatment method will be
different. In this issue, I have briefly summa-
rized the treatment of acne scars mainly.

Introduction: Laser Induced Thermal Breakdown (LITB) occurs
when the recently released Fine Beam of SNJ is
irradiated on the scar using MLA Hand Piece. It
corresponds to a Non-Ablative Fractional Laser
in nature, and is effective in treating pigmenta-
tion such as melasma, and is also effective in
treating acne scars, large pores, and fine lines.
The Fine Beam laser is designed as a Two
Chambers Laser Head to realize both Q-Switch
& Long pulsed 1064 nm. The output is good and
stable enough that it does not disappoint ex-
pectations.

Declaraciones

¿Ha recibido algún tipo de financiamiento para realizar su investigación sobre esta temática?
Si
Por favor especifique las entidades (individuo, empresa, sociedad): SNJ

¿Ha recibido algún pago, honorario u otra compensación por su trabajo acerca de esta investigación?
Si
Por favor especifique las entidades (individuo, empresa, sociedad): SNJ

¿Tiene vínculos financieros con alguna entidad que podría llegar a competir estrechamente con los medicamentos, materiales o instrumentos tratados en su investigación?
Si
Por favor especifique las entidades (individuo, empresa, sociedad): SNJ

¿Posee o ha solicitado una patente relacionada a los materiales, productos o instrumentos utilizados en su investigación?
No

Este trabajo es presentado gracias al apoyo de: SNJ

Objectives: The purpose of this stude was an evaluation of the efficiacy of the PDO threads: the combination of the cog type and press cog type threads (Ncog and Nfix) and cog type threads(Ncog) alone. And this study was conducted to define complications related to thread inserting during the follow-up period.

Introduction: Thread lifting is one of the most common minimally invasive options in facial rejuvenation procedures. The application of polydioxanone (PDO) showed good results and fewer complications. PDO threads effectively strengthen the contour of the face, reduce roundness, and lift sagging skin due to collagen-stimulating properties.

Declaraciones

¿Ha recibido algún tipo de financiamiento para realizar su investigación sobre esta temática?
No

¿Ha recibido algún pago, honorario u otra compensación por su trabajo acerca de esta investigación?
No

¿Tiene vínculos financieros con alguna entidad que podría llegar a competir estrechamente con los medicamentos, materiales o instrumentos tratados en su investigación?
No

¿Posee o ha solicitado una patente relacionada a los materiales, productos o instrumentos utilizados en su investigación?
No

Este trabajo no cuenta con el apoyo de ningún financiamiento directo o indirecto. El autor asume plena responsabilidad sobre el mismo.

Objectives: 1. Know how to use electrosurgical tip cleaner (ETC) for subdermal excision in axillary osmidrosis surgery.
2. Compare the surgical outcome of three surgical method (Metzenbaum scissors, hydrosurgical device, and ETC) of subdermal excision.

Introduction: Axillary osmidrosis is a disease characterized by axillary malodor. The conventional method of subdermal excision is using Metzenbaum scissors. Recently subdermal excision using hydrosurgical device was first introduced. However it is an expensive surgical tool and a recent study demonstrated that skin necrosis of the axillar occurs more frequently. We propose a novel, cost-effective and safe subdermal excision method that utilizes an electrosurgical tip cleaner (ETC).

Materials / method: We conducted a retrospective cohort study. Overall, 27 patients who underwent subdermal excision from June 2012 to November 2021 were enrolled. The patients were classified into three groups according to which surgical method: Metzenbaum scissors, hydrosurgical device, and ETC. The operation time, hospitalization cost, and post-operative complications were investigated.

Results: The number of patients in the Metzenbaum scissors, hydrosurgical device and ETC groups were 7, 11 and 9, respectively. The mean operation time and hospitalization cost were significantly different among the three groups (P < 0.05). The longest mean operation time was observed in the Metzenbaum scissor group (112±23.6 minutes), followed by the ETC and hydrosurgical device groups (76.4±27.1 and 64.2±24.8 minutes). The most expensive method was with the use of hydrosurgical device ($ 2346.1±517.7), followed by the ETC and Metzenbaum scissors ($ 1391.8±317.7 and $ 1279.6±287.5).

Conclusion: The ETC is the novel method of subdermal excision. The ETC is comparable to the Metzenbaum scissors or hydrosurgical device. Therefore, it is a recommended method for those who want to take into consideration both the time and cost of surgery.

Declaraciones

¿Ha recibido algún tipo de financiamiento para realizar su investigación sobre esta temática?
No

¿Ha recibido algún pago, honorario u otra compensación por su trabajo acerca de esta investigación?
No

¿Tiene vínculos financieros con alguna entidad que podría llegar a competir estrechamente con los medicamentos, materiales o instrumentos tratados en su investigación?
No

¿Posee o ha solicitado una patente relacionada a los materiales, productos o instrumentos utilizados en su investigación?
No

Este trabajo no cuenta con el apoyo de ningún financiamiento directo o indirecto. El autor asume plena responsabilidad sobre el mismo.

Objectives: This post-market study evaluated the outcome of cheek augmentation using two hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers. Investigators were given general guidance on how to choose filler, based on the subject’s needs. Those needing a projection effect were treated with HA-LYF, a firmer, more supportive gel; those needing a contouring/volumizing effect were treated with HA-VOL, a softer, more flexible gel.

Materials / method: Subjects were injected in both cheeks on Day 1 with either HA-VOL or HA-LYF, as per label, with optional touch-up at 2 weeks, and follow-up at 4 and 8 weeks after the last treatment. Assessments included Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS), subject satisfaction, naturalness of facial expressions, and adverse events. The primary endpoint was Week 4 GAIS responder rate.

Results: 30 women were treated with each product. In both groups, all subjects were assessed by investigators to have aesthetic improvement on the GAIS at Week 4 and 8, and for all subjects the treatment goal, projection or contouring, was met. Both subjects and investigators found the results natural-looking in all subjects. This was supported by high rates of subject satisfaction in both groups; at Week 8, ≥97% were satisfied with their cheek appearance, ≥83% reported looking less tired and ≥79% felt more attractive. Treatment-related adverse events were all non-serious and mainly mild and transient.

Conclusion: All subjects had aesthetically improved cheeks and natural-looking results after treatment with HA-LYF or HA-VOL. The primary goal of treatment, projection or contouring/volumization of the cheeks, was achieved for all subjects and subject satisfaction was high in both groups. Both treatments were well tolerated.

Declaraciones

¿Ha recibido algún tipo de financiamiento para realizar su investigación sobre esta temática?
No

¿Ha recibido algún pago, honorario u otra compensación por su trabajo acerca de esta investigación?
No

¿Tiene vínculos financieros con alguna entidad que podría llegar a competir estrechamente con los medicamentos, materiales o instrumentos tratados en su investigación?
No

¿Posee o ha solicitado una patente relacionada a los materiales, productos o instrumentos utilizados en su investigación?
No

Este trabajo no cuenta con el apoyo de ningún financiamiento directo o indirecto. El autor asume plena responsabilidad sobre el mismo.

Objectives: Aim of the study This study aim to evaluate the effect of Proage, on the proliferation human fibroblasts

Results: Proliferation and viability evaluation Proage stimulated the proliferation of fibroblasts at higher degree compared with control and other NC HA at both 48 and 72 hours (p<0,05)

Conclusion: We can identify a diferente effect on fibroblast biology. Proage is not citotoxic and situmulate proliferation of fibroblast better than Control and the other HA.

Declaraciones

¿Ha recibido algún tipo de financiamiento para realizar su investigación sobre esta temática?
No

¿Ha recibido algún pago, honorario u otra compensación por su trabajo acerca de esta investigación?
No

¿Tiene vínculos financieros con alguna entidad que podría llegar a competir estrechamente con los medicamentos, materiales o instrumentos tratados en su investigación?
No

¿Posee o ha solicitado una patente relacionada a los materiales, productos o instrumentos utilizados en su investigación?
No

Este trabajo no cuenta con el apoyo de ningún financiamiento directo o indirecto. El autor asume plena responsabilidad sobre el mismo.

Objectives: Nonablative fractional laser (NAFL) is effective for skin rejuvenation and transdermal delivery. Research on the effect of a compound serum of vitamin C, vitamin E, and ferulic acid (CEF serum) for post-NAFL wound healing is limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the immediate application of CEF serum on the healing process following NAFL resurfacing in Chinese patients.

Introduction: Currently, NAFL is widely used for a variety of skin conditions, including photodamage, acne scarring, dyschromia, and striae distensae (1). Hyperpigmentation (PIH) is the most worrisome adverse effect associated with laser treatment in dark- skinned individuals (2), limiting the application of NAFL in Asian patients. Thus, post-procedural care is of great concern to both dermatologists and patients.

Materials / method: A single-blinded, prospective, split-face trial was conducted on 10 Chinese patients with skin phototypes III-IV and mild-to- moderate photodamage. The patients were

Conclusion: The vitamin C, vitamin E, and ferulic acid formula serum is beneficial and safe for early stage post-NAFL skin care, and is associated with a reduction in post-operative erythema and pain.

Declaraciones

¿Ha recibido algún tipo de financiamiento para realizar su investigación sobre esta temática?
No

¿Ha recibido algún pago, honorario u otra compensación por su trabajo acerca de esta investigación?
No

¿Tiene vínculos financieros con alguna entidad que podría llegar a competir estrechamente con los medicamentos, materiales o instrumentos tratados en su investigación?
No

¿Posee o ha solicitado una patente relacionada a los materiales, productos o instrumentos utilizados en su investigación?
No

Este trabajo no cuenta con el apoyo de ningún financiamiento directo o indirecto. El autor asume plena responsabilidad sobre el mismo.

Objectives: Evaluate the enzymatic activity of Botulax versus onabotA using the light chain activity high-performance liquid chromatography (LCA-HPLC) assay

Declaraciones

¿Ha recibido algún tipo de financiamiento para realizar su investigación sobre esta temática?
No

¿Ha recibido algún pago, honorario u otra compensación por su trabajo acerca de esta investigación?
No

¿Tiene vínculos financieros con alguna entidad que podría llegar a competir estrechamente con los medicamentos, materiales o instrumentos tratados en su investigación?
No

¿Posee o ha solicitado una patente relacionada a los materiales, productos o instrumentos utilizados en su investigación?
No

Este trabajo no cuenta con el apoyo de ningún financiamiento directo o indirecto. El autor asume plena responsabilidad sobre el mismo.

Objectives: CO2 fractional lasers treatment has become the main method for treating atrophic acne in recent years However, this procedure is associated with a longer recovery time, and additional side effects and complications. Our study aimed to evaluate the repairing effects of a topical antioxidant serum containing vitamin C, vitamin E, and ferulic acid after CO 2 fractional lasers treatment for atrophic acne scars.

Declaraciones

¿Ha recibido algún tipo de financiamiento para realizar su investigación sobre esta temática?
No

¿Ha recibido algún pago, honorario u otra compensación por su trabajo acerca de esta investigación?
No

¿Tiene vínculos financieros con alguna entidad que podría llegar a competir estrechamente con los medicamentos, materiales o instrumentos tratados en su investigación?
No

¿Posee o ha solicitado una patente relacionada a los materiales, productos o instrumentos utilizados en su investigación?
No

Este trabajo no cuenta con el apoyo de ningún financiamiento directo o indirecto. El autor asume plena responsabilidad sobre el mismo.

Objectives: CO2 fractional laser treatment has become the primary method for treating atrophic acne in recent years however, this procedure is associated with a longer recovery time, more side effects, and increased risk of complications. We aimed to evaluate the repairing effects of a topical antioxidant serum containing vitamin C, vitamin E, and ferulic acid after CO 2 fractional laser treatment of atrophic acne scars.

Declaraciones

¿Ha recibido algún tipo de financiamiento para realizar su investigación sobre esta temática?
No

¿Ha recibido algún pago, honorario u otra compensación por su trabajo acerca de esta investigación?
No

¿Tiene vínculos financieros con alguna entidad que podría llegar a competir estrechamente con los medicamentos, materiales o instrumentos tratados en su investigación?
No

¿Posee o ha solicitado una patente relacionada a los materiales, productos o instrumentos utilizados en su investigación?
No

Este trabajo no cuenta con el apoyo de ningún financiamiento directo o indirecto. El autor asume plena responsabilidad sobre el mismo.

Declaraciones

¿Ha recibido algún tipo de financiamiento para realizar su investigación sobre esta temática?
No

¿Ha recibido algún pago, honorario u otra compensación por su trabajo acerca de esta investigación?
No

¿Tiene vínculos financieros con alguna entidad que podría llegar a competir estrechamente con los medicamentos, materiales o instrumentos tratados en su investigación?
No

¿Posee o ha solicitado una patente relacionada a los materiales, productos o instrumentos utilizados en su investigación?
No

Este trabajo no cuenta con el apoyo de ningún financiamiento directo o indirecto. El autor asume plena responsabilidad sobre el mismo.