Essential Anti-aging: Exercise Modalities Supply Endogenous MSCs for Vital Organs’ Repair
Anti-aging is an internal process with external ramifications. A healthy body can maintain youth and beauty longer. Naturally released adipose tissue contents during different exercise modalities can provide mesenchymal stem cells and hepatocytes which are involved in anti-inflammatory, reparatory, and detoxification processes reinstating liver function. Additionally, both aerobic and resistance exercises have been proven to be beneficial for patients with NAFLD.
In this pilot clinical trial, we examined 10 individuals with NAFLD, 5 males and 5 females 54 - 64 years of age, who received 15 treatments with an effortless exercise technology, originally invented at London University for obesity and individuals who have difficulty performing strenuous workouts. The hypothesis was that the previously documented decrease of triglycerides and visceral fat creates the conditions for a series of biological reparative processes to be implemented. These include the natural release of adipose tissue contents into the bloodstream, supplying endogenous mesenchymal stem cells that differentiate into hepatocytes necessary for healthy liver functioning. Results supported the hypothesis of a possible release of endogenous MSCs by demonstrating a significant improvement of the NAFLD condition in ultrasonography reports along with optimal levels of ALT, AST, ALP, albumin, creatinine, bilirubin and CRP. Additional findings included a statistically significant reduction of triglycerides, VLDL, BMI, visceral fat, and cortisol, accompanied by an increase in testosterone, BMR, and skeletal muscle mass.
This research has important implications both for the anti-aging and medical industry by focusing on health and fitness as the pillar of support for youth and beauty.
Despite the negative connotations associated with adipose tissue stemming from reports of compromised health as a result of obesity, the natural release of fat into the bloodstream can in fact be utilized both for energy production, as well as provide an array of cells that can facilitate important reparative processes. The substantial benefits of naturally released fat contents, via centrally controlled processes as it happens during different exercise modalities are not taken into consideration by popular weight loss procedures like lasers, RF (that specialize in the forceful ablation of subcutaneous adipose tissues), and the traumatic rupture of fat cell membranes. This is why after all these remarkable technological developments, exercise and an active lifestyle are still recommended as the best solutions for youth maintenance and longevity.
Introduction to the Study
Adipose tissue produces an abundance of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs are at a rate of 1 in 100 in adipose tissue in contrast to 1 in 100,000 in the bone marrow. They have been shown to be immune regulators and proinflammatory inhibitors [5, 6]. MSCs are multipotent stem cells that can divide and develop into multiple specialized cell types. In recent years, several studies have been conducted surrounding the role of MSCs, indicators of liver malfunction, and lifestyle treatment for the improvement of disease:
- Banas et al (2007) have reported that MSCs derived from adipose tissue can differentiate into hepatocytes, the primary cell types of the liver after they have been incubated with certain growth factors that include hepatocyte and fibroblast growth factors [7]. The hepatocyte cells derived from MSCs are involved in producing albumin, a protein made by the liver. Abnormal levels of albumin may indicate liver disease, kidney problems or an inflammatory illness. Hepatocyte cells are also involved in the detoxification and clearance of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein). High LDL and VLDL have been consistently associated with premature ageing, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and compromised immunity [8].
- Niu et al (2021) examined the serum creatinine levels of 8862 individuals between 40-73 years old and found that elevated creatinine levels were associated with the risk of developing non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis, which results from visceral fat deposits surrounding and invading the liver, a condition commonly known as fatty liver. According to these investigators, high serum creatinine levels were also correlated with alanine aminotransferase or ALT (p<0.001), aspartate aminotransferase or AST which also indicates hepatitis, cirrhosis or other liver disease ( p<0.001), as well as insulin resistance which is prognostic of prediabetes (p<0.014) [19].
- Kim et al (2008) stressed the significance of persistently elevated ALT in the diagnosis of liver disease [23].
- Romero-Gomez et al (2017) discuss the importance of lifestyle in the regulation of NAFLD. They report that a combination of diet, physical activity and exercise can improve NAFLD by at least one stage [46].
Several research studies have also used an effortless exercise technology, originally invented at London University. They have reported optimal levels of creatinine, bilirubin, C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol, VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein), HDL (high-density lipoprotein), glucose, insulin, and triglycerides. They have also documented a significant decrease in visceral fat, and weight loss, juxtaposed with an optimal increase of testosterone, Free Triiodothyronine (T3), the active thyroid hormone involved in the regulation and control of metabolism, growth hormones, muscle mass, and a balanced profile of leptin and ghrelin that is necessary to stabilize appetite and eliminate cravings thus avoiding rebound [47, 48, 49, 50].
Subjects and Methodology
Ten prediabetic subjects with NAFLD were included in this study with an average BMI of 31.99, 5 males and 5 females aged 54 to 64 years of age. All subjects had been diagnosed with prediabetes and hepatic steatosis on sonography reports and other independent tests, the results of which are shown below. Each subject financed his/her own ultrasonography reports and blood tests that were obtained pre and two weeks post the 15 treatments. The subjects were approached by their doctors, two to three months after treatment completion. Very few subjects, a total of ten agreed to release their results for research purposes. This eliminated the selection threat to validity since neither the author nor the subjects’ doctor chose any of the subjects. Subjects’ participation was determined by their consent to publicize their results which was based purely on personal reasons. The subjects were never privy to the purpose or the study’s hypotheses. This entire research was based on a post-hoc data analysis after the subjects had completed all the treatments and had received their test results which were done in independent laboratories. Neither the subjects, the laboratory technicians, nor the doctors were aware of the purpose and hypotheses of this clinical study or its hypothesis before, during, or after completing the 15 procedures which were offered three times weekly over a period of 5 weeks. This clinical trial took around two years to complete, mainly because most individuals did not agree to release their results. Finding subjects who were willing to share their results proved to be a laborious expedition.
Results
Subjects previously diagnosed with NAFLD prior to the 15 treatments showed no fatty liver on their follow-up ultrasonography reports. This conclusion is determined from the following patient outcomes and calculations:
ALT Difference Scores Calculations – Dependent means one-tailed
Mean: -7.7
μ= 0
S2 = SSμdf = 70.1/(10-1) = 7.79
S2M = S2/N = 7.79/10 = 0.78
SM = μS2M = μ0.78 = 0.88
T-value Calculation
t = (M - μ)/SM = (-7.7 - 0)/0.88 = -8.72
AST Difference Scores Calculations – Dependent means one-tailed
Mean: -12.5
μ= 0
S2 = SS μdf = 180.5/(10-1) = 20.06
S2M = S2/N = 20.06/10 = 2.01
SM = μS2M = μ2.01 = 1.42
T-value Calculation
t = (M - μ)/SM = (-12.5 - 0)/1.42 = -8.83
ALP T- test Difference Scores Calculations – Dependent means one-tailed
Mean: -17
μ= 0
S2 = SSμdf = 268/(11-1) = 26.8
S2M = S2/N = 26.8/11 = 2.44
SM = μS2M = μ2.44 = 1.56
T-value Calculation
t = (M - μ)/SM = (-17 - 0)/1.56 = -10.89
Albumin T-Test Difference Scores Calculations – Dependent means one-tailed
Mean: 0.74
μ= 0
S2 = SSμdf = 0.56/(10-1) = 0.06
S2M = S2/N = 0.06/10 = 0.01
SM = μS2M = μ0.01 = 0.08
T-value Calculation
t = (M - μ)/SM = (0.74 - 0)/0.08 = 9.35
Creatinine Difference Scores Calculations - Dependent means one-tailed
Mean: -0.32
μ= 0
S2 = SSμdf = 0.26/(10-1) = 0.03
S2M = S2/N = 0.03/10 = 0
SM = μS2M = μ0 = 0.05
T-value Calculation
t = (M - μ)/SM = (-0.32 - 0)/0.05 = -5.95
Bilirubin Difference Scores Calculations - Dependent means one-tailed
Mean: -0.16
μ= 0
S2 = SSμdf = 0.23/(10-1) = 0.03
S2M = S2/N = 0.03/10 = 0
SM = μS2M = μ0 = 0.05
T-value Calculation
t = (M - μ)/SM = (-0.16 - 0)/0.05 = -3.19
Triglycerides Difference Scores Calculations – T-test for two dependent means, one-tailed
Mean: -32.3
μ= 0
S2 = SSμdf = 1700.1/(10-1) = 188.9
S2M = S2/N = 188.9/10 = 18.89
SM = μS2M = μ18.89 = 4.35
T-value Calculation
t = (M - μ)/SM = (-32.3 - 0)/4.35 = -7.43
VLDL Difference Scores Calculations – T-test for two dependent means, one-tailed
Mean: -6.9
μ= 0
S2 = SSμdf = 50.9/(10-1) = 5.66
S2M = S2/N = 5.66/10 = 0.57
SM = μS2M = μ0.57 = 0.75
T-value Calculation
t = (M - μ)/SM = (-6.9 - 0)/0.75 = -9.18
CRP Difference Scores Calculations – T-test for two dependent means, one-tailed
Mean: -4.2
μ= 0
S2 = SSμdf = 11.6/(10-1) = 1.29
S2M = S2/N = 1.29/10 = 0.13
SM = μS2M = μ0.13 = 0.36
T-value Calculation
t = (M - μ)/SM = (-4.2 - 0)/0.36 = -11.7
BMI Difference Scores Calculations – T-test for two dependent means, one-tailed
Mean: -5.33
μ= 0
S2 = SSμdf = 13.02/(10-1) = 1.45
S2M = S2/N = 1.45/10 = 0.14
SM = μS2M = μ0.14 = 0.38
T-value Calculation
t = (M - μ)/SM = (-5.33 - 0)/0.38 = -14.01
BMR Difference Scores Calculations – T-test for two dependent means, one-tailed
Mean: 536
μ= 0
S2 = SSμdf = 105096/(10-1) = 11677.33
S2M = S2/N = 11677.33/10 = 1167.73
SM = μS2M = μ1167.73 = 34.17
T-value Calculation
t = (M - μ)/SM = (536 - 0)/34.17 = 15.69
VAT Difference Scores Calculations – T-test for two dependent means, one-tailed
Mean: -12.9
μ= 0
S2 = SSμdf = 102.9/(10-1) = 11.43
S2M = S2/N = 11.43/10 = 1.14
SM = μS2M = μ1.14 = 1.0
T-value Calculation
t = (M - μ)/SM = (-12.9 - 0)/1.07 = -12.06
Cortisol Difference Scores Calculations – T-test for two dependent means, one-tailed
Mean: -130.7
μ= 0
S2 = SSμdf = 10346.1/(10-1) = 1149.57
S2M = S2/N = 1149.57/10 = 114.96
SM = μS2M = μ114.96 = 10.72
T-value Calculation
t = (M - μ)/SM = (-130.7 - 0)/10.72 = -12.19
Testosterone Difference Scores Calculations – T-test for two dependent means, one-tailed
Mean: 3.33
μ= 0
S2 = SSμdf = 69.76/(10-1) = 7.75
S2M = S2/N = 7.75/10 = 0.78
SM = μS2M = μ0.78 = 0.88
T-value Calculation
t = (M - μ)/SM = (3.33 - 0)/0.88 = 3.79
Muscle Mass Difference Scores Calculations – T-test for two dependent means, one-tailed
Mean: 15.9
μ= 0
S2 = SSμdf = 164.9/(10-1) = 18.32
S2M = S2/N = 18.32/10 = 1.83
SM = μS2M = μ1.83 = 1.35
T-value Calculation
t = (M - μ)/SM = (15.9 - 0)/1.35 = 11.75
Discussion
Results supported the hypothesis that effortless exercise appears to naturally release adipose tissue stem cells into the bloodstream that can be subsequently used for the repair of the liver in NAFLD individuals. Adipose tissue MSCs differentiate into hepatocytes which are involved in producing albumin in the liver. In this clinical trial, we found an optimal increase of the abnormally low albumin levels which are considered a marker of hepatic dysfunction. This could be due to an increase in endogenous availability of MSCs that differentiated into hepatocytes, necessary to produce albumin in the liver.
Other hepatocyte cells’ functions include detoxification and the clearance of VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein), a variable that showed a substantial decrease after the course of 15 treatments.
There was a substantial improvement in NAFLD as indicated by ultrasonography reports. There was also a statistically significant optimization in the values of ALT, AST, ALP, CRP, triglycerides, creatinine, and bilirubin. Additionally, there was a statistically significant decrease in visceral fat, and cortisol and an optimal statistically significant increase in testosterone, BMR and muscle mass.
There is no substantial evidence that lasers and/or RF-induced lipolysis results in significant improvements in any of these variables such as NAFLD, albumin, ALT, AST, ALP, CRP, creatinine, bilirubin, visceral fat, cortisol, testosterone, BMR and muscle mass.
Weight loss involves the release of toxins, including persistent organic pollutants (POS) which are eventually eliminated through the kidneys, liver, and immune system via the cooperative function of the circulatory and lymphatic systems. The body is programmed to purge toxins, provided that the circulatory system is not blocked by deposits of triglycerides, that the lymphatic is not overwhelmed, and that the liver and kidneys are functioning properly. Laser and RF technologies rely entirely on the body to perform the detoxification that is necessary after lipolysis, without a thorough assessment of the level of erythrocyte aggregation, poikilocytosis, or radical oxygen species in the blood. Neither do these laser and RF technologies evaluate the efficiency of lymphatics, the liver, and kidneys in fulfilling detoxification. They simply assume without evidence, that all bodies, including unhealthy bodies, shall perform optimally. In contrast, exercise modalities appear to initiate reparative processes that reinforce detoxification. As previously noted, adipose tissue derived MSCs differentiate into hepatocytes that are involved in liver detoxification.
Both effortful and effortless exercise clinical trials have repeatedly demonstrated decreased visceral fat, unlike laser or RF studies that are sparse or based on animal models in the case of RF, or they combine specific laser technology with exercise, presenting confounding results that may not have been obtained if the subjects underwent laser procedures alone [52, 53]. This clinical trial was based on a small sample. It is rather unlikely that selection bias posed a threat to internal validity since neither the author nor the doctors and technicians were involved in subject selection. Subjects' participation depended entirely on the subjects’ willingness to finance their ultrasonography reports and blood tests, as well as consent to being included in the research. Still, it is recommended that this study is replicated with a larger number of subjects and other imaging methods, like computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to offer a more accurate assessment of visceral fat deposits and evaluate the status of NAFLD more efficiently. Additional variables should be added, such as glucose and/or insulin levels, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) values.
Conclusions
The results of this five weeks clinical trial included a significantly improved liver in ultrasonography reports along with optimal serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, albumin, CRP, triglycerides, creatinine, and bilirubin. Several research teams have tested some of these variables to evaluate liver repair after administering adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. The effortless exercise method utilized in this study appeared to induce the natural release of adipose tissue stem cells into the bloodstream. Adipose tissue cells can be transformed into MSCs which differentiate into hepatocytes that are involved in the detoxification, and the metabolism of the liver, ultimately contributing to the repair of this very significant vital organ. This method also reduced triglycerides, VLDL and visceral fat, setting up the conditions for the liver healing process to begin.
An important advantage of effortless exercise is the increased testosterone, juxtaposed with reduced cortisol that was documented by this study, supporting previous studies’ results [47, 48, 49, 50]. Research has shown that this relationship between testosterone and cortisol is adversely reversed after regular exercise due to the laborious effort involved [53, 54].
The hypothesis was based on the reasoning that triglycerides and visceral fat reduction alone cannot account for liver repair. Another healing mechanism must be involved. This brought into play the concept of endogenous mesenchymal stem cells and hepatocytes being derived by the naturally induced lipolysis during effortless exercise that has been repeatedly proven by research to demonstrate fast and efficient results both in terms of weight loss, as well as increased health and fitness. The importance of internal health and the detoxification of disease is paramount in delaying aging and in maintaining youth and beauty.
Acknowledgements: The author would like to thank all the patients who gave consent to release their records for this clinical trial and declares no conflict of interest. All treatments were performed by operators without the direct presence or hands-on supervision of the author.
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Etiquetas: Medicina regenerativa, Dermatología clínica & cirugía dermatológica
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