Resumo

Objectives: To explore the principles and applications of nanotechnology in dermatology, emphasizing its role in drug delivery, diagnostics, and treatment of skin diseases. Participants will learn how nanoparticles enhance penetration, efficacy, and tolerability of dermatological therapies, while understanding current limitations, safety concerns, and future perspectives of nanomedicine in clinical and cosmetic dermatology. Introduction: Nanotechnology applies nanoscale materials to medicine, with dermatology as a leading field of innovation. Nanoparticles improve drug delivery, imaging, and therapy through enhanced penetration, controlled release, and biocompatibility. Applications range from sunscreens and cosmetics to treatments for cancer, inflammatory dermatoses, acne, alopecia, and wound healing. This emerging science offers new therapeutic possibilities but also raises safety and regulatory challenges. Materials / method: This review synthesizes findings from experimental, preclinical, and clinical studies on nanotechnology in dermatology. Different nanoparticle systems—including liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), dendrimers, gold nanoparticles, and quantum dots—were analyzed for their mechanisms of action, penetration pathways, and therapeutic benefits. The article also examined nanodiagnostics, nanotherapies, and drug delivery systems targeting skin, hair follicles, and pilosebaceous units. Results: Nanotechnology has demonstrated improved penetration, controlled release, and reduced side effects of dermatologic drugs. Sunscreens with TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles show higher efficacy with better cosmetic acceptance. Liposomal corticosteroids reduce atrophy risk, and nanoparticle-encapsulated retinoids improve acne treatment tolerability. Nanocarriers enhance wound healing, phototherapy, and alopecia therapies. Diagnostic uses include quantum dots and gold nanoparticles for cancer detection and theranostic applications. Conclusion: Nanotechnology offers transformative potential in dermatology by enhancing diagnostics, therapeutics, and cosmetic formulations. Its promise lies in improved efficacy, targeted delivery, and patient safety. However, uncertainties remain regarding long-term toxicity, bioaccumulation, and regulatory frameworks. Continued research, toxicological studies, and ethical oversight are essential to translate nanodermatology innovations into safe, effective, and sustainable clinical practice.