Objectives: To offer a literature review on the short term and long term effects of fillers.
To examine the possibility that fillers genuinely produce neocollagenesis that gives a long lasting rejuvenation effect on the skin texture and appearance
To examine side effects and their frequency and severity following injections with different fillers
Specifically compare different fillers and enumerate the benefits and/or side effects they present
Introduction: For many patients, injectable filling agents offer the promise of facial rejuvenation while offering reduced risks compared with more invasive procedures. While hyaluronic acid fillers are generally accepted as ones that fill in a space, recent clinical observation has documented a persistence of the filling effect that is longer than the biological availability of the filler. On the basis of this clinical observation, it has been assumed that fillers may have a biostimulatory effect on tissue by neocollagenesis.
Materials / method: A literature review of dermal filles from 1995 to present reveals that different dermal fillers depend on the procedural technique, and the agent injected. All dermal fillers have the potential to cause complications as a result of volume and technique, product formulation and concentration, and insufficient knowledge of facial anatomy. The majority of adverse reactions are mild and transient, such as bruising and trauma-related edema. Serious adverse events are rare but present.
Results: One of the underreported side effects of cosmetic injections is vascular occlusion. This condition can be identified by the pain on the injection spot, as well as in areas distant from the injection site. Blanching, white, dusky or pale skin may also be signs of a reduction in blood supply as a result of the cosmetic injection. Other side effects of fillers include allergic reactions, erythema, infections, chronic inflammation and granulomas. Rare side effects include intense necrosis and Keratoacanthoma-like reactions after hyaluronic acid injections
Conclusion: When evaluating anti-aging skin rejuvenation it is important to understand the exact role that Collagen and Elastin are playing in delaying aging, These two proteins are vital for skin firmness and texture but, from a molecular biology perspective, they cannot give an overall youthful look. Youthfulness depends on the interactions and signalling communications of around 100,000 proteins, as well as in the consistent reduction of toxicity, free radical formation and inflammation. More thorough longitudinal research is necessary before a positive skin stimulation effect is est
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