Абстракт

Objectives: Rejuvenation is often thought of on a MACRO scale, but the most important thing happens on a MICRO scale. Mitochondria are unique cell organelles responsible for energy production. They play an important role in the regeneration of the body particularly through induction of programmed cell death (apoptosis) and regulation of the redox state of the cell. Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to many diseases and premature aging. Supporting the energy centers of our cells is the role of the so-called mitoceuticals, which are widely available as dietary supplements as the prevention of aging. Introduction: Dietary supplements with a potential anti-aging solution that work at the mitochondrial level include strong antioxidant glutathione, its precursor - N-acetylcholine (NAC), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) boosters like nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR). These substances are available without a medical prescription and usually dosed according to online instructions. Without an understanding of the processes taking place in mitochondria with the participation of these substances, the possibilities of effectively and safely treatment are reduced. Materials / method: The analysis of available medical research on glutathione, NAC, NMN and other substances that increase level of NAD+ in the cell aims to understand the effects of these supplements, determine their safe doses and indicate potential side effects. Opinions of leading doctors involved in longevity research were also included. Results: Numerous studies have proven that glutathione and its precursor - NAC protect the cell against the effects of free radicals and reduce their amount. NAD+ precursors increase energy in the cell. In this way, these substances counteract aging, old age diseases and cancer. Unfortunately, there have also been reports of the so-called paradoxicall effect of these extremely beneficial substances in the case of cancer. Studies on mice have shown that increasing cancer cell energy and reducing oxidative stress in cancer cells contributes to their proliferation and metastasis. Conclusion: The latest research suggests that glutathione, NAC, NMN, NAD+ can counteract many age-related diseases and prevent the development of cancer. However, they should be used in a limited manner, as some studies suggest that they may have adverse effects in cancer. It seems that due to their strong effects, they should be even classified as medicines. Before we find the answer how these substances work in human bodies, supplementation with glutathione, NAC, NMN, NAD+ boosters should be discussed with the doctor, especially if the patient has or had cancer or has a family history of cancer.