摘要

Objectives: - To introduce a novel classification of 16 lip types based on tubercular morphology. - To present ultrasound-based data on lip layer thickness, filler placement, and anatomical variations. - To explore correlations between demographic factors (age, gender, ethnicity) and lip anatomy. - To assess how different injection techniques influence filler location and spread. - To propose safer, anatomy-led approaches to lip enhancement that preserve natural form and function. Introduction: Traditional approaches to lip enhancement have largely prioritised aesthetic ideals over structural individuality and function. Recent research, including high-frequency ultrasound imaging and refined morphological classification, offers a deeper understanding of lip anatomy that may improve outcomes and reduce complications. Materials / method: A cross-sectional observational study using high-frequency (18–22MHz) ultrasound was conducted on lips with and without prior filler treatment. Layer thickness, glandular structures, filler location, and vascular landmarks were mapped. Participants’ demographics were recorded and correlated with anatomical variations. Clinical injection technique history (depth, entry point, volume, product type) was analysed in relation to ultrasound findings. Results: The 16 lip types based on tubercular morphology showed distinct structural profiles with implications for aesthetic planning. - Ultrasound revealed a high prevalence of intramuscular filler placement, even with superficial techniques. - Certain injection approaches were significantly associated with unintended filler spread. - Demographic factors showed consistent trends in relation to lip anatomy measurements, suggesting clinically relevant variation across age, gender, and ethnicity. Conclusion: The findings of these studies support a paradigm shift in lip enhancement procedures: from standardised filler techniques to tailored, anatomy-respecting strategies. Demographic variation, structural anatomy, and technique selection all play critical roles in determining outcome quality and safety. Recognition and preservation of native lip architecture, particularly the tubercles, can help maintain natural appearance and function while reducing long-term risks.