摘要

Objectives: To improve recognition of pyoderma gangrenosum (PG), highlight its diagnostic challenges, emphasize the importance of identifying associated systemic diseases, and review current therapeutic approaches that contribute to favorable outcomes. Introduction: Pyoderma gangrenosum is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis with an estimated incidence of 2–10 cases per million population annually. It predominantly affects adults in the fourth and fifth decades of life and is more common in women. Due to its heterogeneous clinical and histopathological presentation, diagnosis is often delayed, leading to significant morbidity. Materials / method: A literature review and clinical experience were used to summarize the epidemiology, clinical presentation, histopathological findings, associated comorbidities, and treatment strategies of PG. Particular attention was given to diagnostic pitfalls, differential diagnosis, and the role of multidisciplinary evaluation. Results: Histopathological findings are variable and non-specific but typically demonstrate ulceration, tissue necrosis, and dense neutrophilic infiltration. Approximately 50% of patients have associated systemic diseases, most commonly inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, and hematologic or solid-organ malignancies. Early diagnosis, exclusion of mimicking conditions, identification of comorbidities, and prompt initiation of immunosuppressive therapy are critical for successful management and improved patient outcomes. Conclusion: Pyoderma gangrenosum remains a challenging diagnosis due to its rarity and lack of specific histopathological features. Increased awareness, early recognition, thorough assessment for associated systemic diseases, and timely initiation of local and systemic immunosuppressive treatment are essential to reduce morbidity and improve prognosis.