Xanya SOFRA WEISS 医师
神经科医师
Pigmentations: skin deep or a systemic problem?
目标: Skin disorders showing abnormal pigmentation are often difficult to manage because of their uncertain etiology or pathogenesis. Abnormal pigmentation is a common symptom accompanying aging skin. Several interconnected molecular mechanisms are involved, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA mutations, DNA damage, telomere shortening, hormonal changes, and impaired autophagy. This review examines the role of the interactive process, toxicity, and inflammation in skin hyperpigmentation/hypopigmentation to explain the intrinsic association between skin aging and pigmentation abnormalities.
介绍: Human skin undergoes chronological aging and environmental aging. Chronological aging is dependent upon the passage of time. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is the primary factor in environmental aging, which is also called photoaging, although other factors such as tobacco smoking and air pollution are involved in environmental aging. With age, senescent cells accumulate in human skin, which can compromise skin function and integrity. Chronological aging and photoaging share certain molecular mechanisms. Skin aging is influenced by oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA mutations, DNA damage, etc
材料 / 方法: Causes of pigmentations
1. DNA Damage
2. Oxidative Stress
3. Telomere Shortening
4. Role of Hormones
5. Role of Autophagy
Treatments of pigmentations
1. lasers
2. Radiofrequency
3. Topical creams and serum
4. FRET Resonance & Energy Transfer technologies
5. Protein Refolding Technologies
结果: The mechanisms implicated in skin aging include oxidative stress, which is the most pivotal cause of skin aging, DNA damage, telomere shortening, decreased melatonin, and autophagy impairment. Both skin aging and pigmentation abnormalities in various inherited disorders caused by DNA damage or telomere shortening indicate the relevant relationship between skin aging and pigmentation abnormalities. Emotional instability and stress contribute to both aging and pigmentation abnormalities.
总结: Epigenetic changes, particularly DNA methylation and microRNAs, are also proposed to be involved in skin aging without an identified role in skin pigmentation.. Abnormal pigmentation is a common symptom accompanying aging skin. The association between skin aging and skin pigmentation abnormalities can be attributed to certain inherited disorders characterized by premature aging and abnormal pigmentation combined with diet and lifestyle, how we treat ourselves and emotional stability or turmoil.
