Objectives: To identify clinicopathologic predictors that can accurately stratify sentinel lymph node biopsy-negative melanoma patients by risk of progression, to improve prognostic accuracy and guide personalised treatment decisions.
Introduction: Recent approval of adjuvant pembrolizumab for resected stage IIB/IIC melanoma necessitates tools to precisely stratify high versus low risk patients, to guide treatment decisions and prevent inappropriate immunotherapy toxicity. Using multivariable analyses, this study demonstrates that tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte scoring effectively distinguishes high and low risk subgroups, offering a cost-effective method of guiding personalised treatment decisions.
Materials / method: Multicenter, retrospective cohort study of 1229 cutaneous melanoma patients treated at 2 UK hospitals between 2004-2017, who underwent SLNB. TIL score, Breslow thickness, ulceration, SLNB status, and other clinicopathological factors were examined as potential predictors using Kaplan-Meier curves, univariate analyses, multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards modeling. Progression was defined as recurrence at local, intransit, regional or distant sites. Regression model fit was assessed by -2 log likelihood, overall chi-square statistics and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit
Results: The median follow-up duration was 9.5 years, during which the melanoma progression rate after SLNB was 20%. In SLNB-negative patients, TIL score and Breslow thickness were the strongest independent predictors of progression in multivariate analyses. Non-brisk TILs were associated with three-fold higher progression risk and lower progression-free survival compared to absent (p=0.003) or brisk TILs, particularly in stage II patients. Non-brisk TILs and Breslow thickness >2mm identified a high-risk subgroup. In these patients, progression-free survival was 20% lower in males than females (p<0.001
Conclusion: Breslow and TIL scores interact to reliably predict PFS in SLNB-negative melanoma and discriminate between high and low-risk stage II patients. Incorporating SLNB and TIL statuses in prognostic tools holds promise for identifying high-risk patients who may benefit from adjuvant immunotherapy and low-risk patients who may safely forego it.
Disclosures
Did you receive any funding to support your research for this TOPIC?
No
Were you provided with any honoraria, payment or other compensation for your work on this study?
No
Do you have any financial relationship with any entity which may closely compete with the medications, materials or instruments covered by your study?
No
Do you own or have you applied for any patents in conjunction with the instruments, medications or materials discussed in your study?
No
This work was not supported by any direct or non direct funding. It is under the author's own responsability