Objectives: This study investigates the potential of TNF-a-treated human ADSCs on silicone implants to alleviate RICC, hypothesizing to enhance suppressive effects on radiation-induced capsular contracture(RICC) by modulating inflammatory responses in a radiation-exposed environment.
Introduction: Post-mastectomy radiotherapy plays a crucial role in breast cancer treatment but can lead to an inflammatory response causing soft tissue damage, particularly radiation-induced capsular contracture (RICC), impacting breast reconstruction outcomes. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), known for their regenerative potential via paracrine capacity, exhibit inherent radiotolerance. The influence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) on ADSCs has been reported to enhance the paracrine effect of ADSCs, promoting wound healing by modulating inflammatory responses.
Materials / method: In vitro, T-hASCs were cultured on various surfaces to assess viability after exposure to radiation up to 20 Gy. In vivo, T-hASC and non-TNF-a-treated hASC (C-hASCs)-coated membranes werevimplanted in mice before radiation exposure, and an evaluation of the RICC mitigation took place 4 and 8 weeks after implantation. In addition, the growth factors released from T-hASCs were assessed.
Results: In vitro, hASCs displayed significant radiotolerance, maintaining consistent viability after exposure to 10 Gy. TNF-a treatment further enhanced radiation tolerance, as evidenced by significantly higher viability than C-hASCs at 20 Gy. In vivo, T-hASC-coated implants effectively suppressed RICC, reducing capsule thickness. T-hASCs exhibited remarkable modulation of the inflammatory response, suppressing M1 macrophage polarization while enhancing M2 polarization. The elevated secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor from T-hASCs is believed to induce macrophage polarization.
Conclusion: This study establishes T-hASCs as a promising strategy for ameliorating the adverse effects experienced by breast reconstruction patients after mastectomy and radiation therapy. The observed radiotolerance, anti-fibrotic effects, and immune modulation suggest the possibility of enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life. Further research and clinical trials are warranted for broader clinical uses.
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