摘要

Objectives: The objective of this study is to examine sensitive-pigmented skin profiles to facilitate the development of personalized dermatological treatments and public health strategies. By utilizing a culturally adapted Baumann Skin Type Indicator (BSTI), the research evaluates the associations between skin parameters and various modifiable lifestyle factors, including smoking, UV exposure, sunscreen use, sleep duration, and diet. The study ultimately aims to address the "double burden" of sensitivity and pigmentation in urban Asian contexts to better inform global dermatology practices. Introduction: Sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation are increasingly recognized as major dermatological concerns worldwide, particularly in urban populations where environmental stressors and lifestyle factors intensify skin reactivity. Despite Asia’s large and diverse population, data on skin type distribution remain limited. Understanding sensitive–pigmented profiles is essential for developing personalized approaches to treatment and procedures and guiding public health strategies. Materials / method: This cross-sectional observational study surveyed 2,018 respondents across 14 major Indonesian cities. Participants completed a culturally adapted Bahasa Indonesia version of the Baumann Skin Type Indicator (BSTI). Skin type distributions were analyzed, and associations were evaluated between BST parameters and modifiable factors including smoking, sunscreen use, UV exposure, sleep duration, and diet. Results: The population showed a predominance of Dry (51.9%) and Sensitive (67.9%) skin types, with a near balance between Non-pigmented (51.8%) and Pigmented (48.2%) categories. The most common subtypes were Dry-Sensitive-Pigmented-Tight (DSPT, 11.1%), Dry-Sensitive-Non-pigmented-Tight (DSNT, 10.1%), and Dry-Sensitive-Pigmented-Wrinkled (DSPW, 9.6%). Sensitive and pigmented parameters demonstrated significant associations with smoking, UV exposure, inadequate sunscreen use, poor sleep, and diet. Conclusion: Urban Asian skin carries a “double burden” of sensitivity and pigmentation, shaped by environmental exposures and lifestyle habits. These findings underscore the need for personalized dermatological care and preventive strategies tailored to urban contexts. By highlighting sensitive–pigmented skin as a priority, this study provides insights that may inform global skincare practices, patient education, and public health policy in rapidly urbanizing regions.