Objectives: - perceived age = definition, implication, factors involved
- enlarged pores = causes, impact on quality of life, holistic approach (diet, smoking, sun protection, skin care, Energy Based Devices)
- pigmented lesions = pathogeny, management (prevention, treatment, and mentenance)
Facial cues to health can be divided into two broad classes - facial shape, which is linked to previous health and is relatively fixed; and facial colouration, which changes over the short-term, reflecting current health.
Introduction: Perceived age is predictive of mortality in elderly individuals, and is
associated with a higher risk of both morbidity and mortality (a recent twin study has shown that 'looking old for one's age' is associated with increased mortality).
Skin aging is strongly associated with perceived age, and facial skin aging is the most important parameter for the perceived age
Perceived age is associated with sun damage, pigmented spots, skin wrinkling, skin color homogeneity, skin texture, and lip size.
Materials / method: Seborrhea, loss of skin elasticity and tension, and hair follicle size are most clinically relevant to the pathogenesis of enlarged pores. Other potential factors include genetic predisposition, acne, comedogenic xenobiotics, chronic photodamage, chronic radiodermatitis, and vitamin A deficiency.
Also, skin elasticity have a negative correlation with facial pore size and density, and one night of sleep deprivation worsened the appearance of pores alongside skin hydration, skin barrier, skin elasticity, skin brightness and skin translucency.
Results: Normal human skin coloration is driven overwhelmingly by only 3 components, that is, absorption (and associated spectral modification) by the melanin and hemoglobin chromophores and subsurface scattering by collagen.
The distribution of pigment colour (blood and melanin) in the skin can affect the apparent health, age and attractiveness of human faces
Hyperpigmentation, in the form of postinflammatory dark marks, melasma, or solar lentigines, increases the perception of an aged appearance to a greater degree than wrinkles.
Conclusion: Judgements of a person’s health based on their facial appearance is a daily occurrence. Understanding how these judgements are formed is important because they feed into other social judgements such as attractiveness or leadership ability, which is potentially consequential in terms of real-life outcomes, such as dating and or employment outcomes.
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