Objectives: Congenital abnormalities, various diseases, and injuries may result in articular cartilage and bone degeneration. Recently, in the mentioned context, big hope is given to mesenchymal stem cell therapy. The main goal of the present study was the characterization and comparison of biological properties of MSCs obtained from adipose tissue (ATSCs), dental pulp (DPSCs), and urine (USCs) concerning bone and cartilage tissue engineering.
Introduction: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are generally characterized as undifferentiated cells with a unique ability of long-term self-renewing and plasticity. MSCs are adherent and have a fibroblast-like morphology. They are positive for a variety of surface markers, including CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105. On the other hand, MSCs do not express markers of hematopoietic and endothelial cells. MSCs secern various bioactive molecules, which are involved in processes of regeneration. Due to these properties, MSCs represent a promising tool for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Materials / method: MSCs from all tissues were cultured up to the third passage. They were morphologically analyzed by an inverted microscope and transmission electron microscope. The kinetics of proliferation was measured on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 via MTT assay. The expression of selected markers was assessed by flow cytometry. MSCs secretory profile was measured by Luminex MAGPIX® Instrument. Pellet cultures and a chondrogenic medium were used to induce chondrogenic differentiation. Osteogenic differentiation was induced by the osteogenic medium. The differentiation potential of MSCs was analyzed by real-time PCR.
Results: MSCs displayed similar morphology and had a similar course of proliferation kinetics. The highest rates were recorded in the case of USCs. MSCs shared the expression of typical markers, such as CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105. They lack expression of hematopoietic and endothelial markers. In the case of USCs, interestingly the highest expression of SSEA was recorded. MSCs secerned similar levels of IFN gamma, IL10, IL18, and RANTES, while slightly differing in production of IL6, IL8, and MCP-1. MSCs had similar chondrogenic potential. On other hand, USCs had the lowest osteogenic potential.
Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be emphasized that MSCs from adipose tissue, dental pulp, and urine shared the majority of cellular characteristics typical for MSCs. They also displayed similar chondrogenic potential. On other hand, USCs had the lowest potential for osteogenic differentiation.
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