Objectives: To determine the clinical phenotypes of rosacea among patients with Fitzpatrick skin phototypes III-V and to identify primary and secondary features, aggravating factors and extracutaneous manifestations. Aesthetic concerns and implications (treatment and complications) will also be presented.

Introduction: Rosacea was once thought to be a disease of northern European origin and perceived as uncommon in darker skin types. In recent years, more cases of rosacea have been identified in African, Latino, or Asian descents.

Materials / method: This was an observational cross-sectional study conducted among patients at the De La Salle University Medical Center and in a private clinic evaluating clinical features using the rosacea clinical scorecard and the 2017 standard classification by the National Rosacea Society expert committee. The duration of the disease, the subtype, aggravating factors, ocular symptoms, comorbidities , and subtype severity were likewise identified. Reaction from common aesthetic procedures were also elucidated.

Results: A total of 413 (345 F; 68 M) patients were enrolled. Forty eight percent of patients presented with persistent centrofacial erythema, validated by 3D imaging. Phymas were present in 16% of cases. Transient facial redness with papules, pustules, and nodules were present in 52% of cases. Heat, sun exposure, emotional stress, and intake of alcoholic beverages were identified as the most common aggravating factors. Majority of patients are unaware of their rosacea prior to undergoing an aesthetic procedure.

Conclusion: The clinical characteristics of rosacea among Filipinos were identified. Although previously considered as rare among Asians, the study shows that it is common among Filipinos with brown skin. This seems to be related to Spanish and Chinese racial influence, vascular and sebaceous gland hyperreactivity and natural instrinsic responses to heat and sunlight. The presence of rosacea should always be considered when contemplating on performing aesthetic procedures such as chemical peels, lasers, and facial surgery.

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Objectives: The lecture will explore current research and potential underlying mechanisms that affect both skin barrier function and its dysfunction.

Introduction: Epidermal permeability is formed by the stratum corneum. As a permeability barrier, the SC stops harmful irritants, allergens, and germs from entering the skin and losing water and electrolytes. Irritated, reactive, and sensitive skin results from epidermal barrier breakdown. Atopic dermatitis and sensitive skin are associated with SC thickness, lipid composition, and barrier function.
Our knowledge of various methods for restoring the skin barrier, allows us to restore, repair and alleviate symptoms and discomfort associated with skin barrier disorders.

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Objectives: An Update on the choice of Vascular Lasers for vascular disorders.

Introduction: The pulsed dye laser(PDL) is among the oldest vascular laser in use in dermatology today. Over the years new knowledge on characteristic of vascular abnormalities has widen and newer vascular devices to more efficiently treat more types of vascular lesions. e.g. cryogen cooling, variable pulse widths, are incorporated into the vascular device and allow vascular lasers to function more efficaciously and with less side effects.

Materials / method: Vascular lesions targetted include portwine stain, haemangioma, telangiectasis, rosacea, poikiloderma of Civette, flushing and facial redness and treatment of red scars and striae. To improve treatment outcome and minimize complications, the correct diagnosis, the choice of treatment devices, the choice of treatment protocols, the determination of vascular physiology and calibers are extremely important.

Results: A variety of laser and light-based devices have been demonstrated to be useful in the treatment of ETR. They include:
 Pulsed dye laser (585/595 nm)
 KTP laser (532 nm)  Long pulsed Alexandrite laser (755 nm)
 Long pulsed Nd:YAG lasers (532/1064 nm)
 Long pulsed diode laser (900 nm)
 Copper vapour laser (510/578 nm)
 Intense pulsed light (500-1000 nm).
The choice of lasers and light devices depends on the type of vasculature, the depth, the vessels size, the blood flow speed, skin colour and location/skin thickness.

Conclusion: A sound understanding of the vascular characteristics and the treatment protocol are essential to ensure effective treatment and few side effects.

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