Objectives: To study What Makes Botox the wonder drug of modern medicine

Introduction: Botulinum toxin (abbreviated either as BTX or BoNT) is produced by Clostridium botulinum, a gram-positive anaerobic bacterium.BoNT is broken into 7 neurotoxins (labeled as types A, B, C [C1, C2], D, E, F, and G), which are antigenically and serologically distinct but structurally similar. Human botulism is caused mainly by types A, B, E, and (rarely) F.Use of Botulinum evolved from clinical and therapeutic applications to aesthetics.

Materials / method: In 1895, bacteria Clostridium botulinum isolated.In 1946, Dr. Edward J Schantz cultured Clostridium botulinum and isolated the toxin.On December 21, 2000, BoNT-A received US FDA approval for treatment of cervical dystonia..On March 9, 2010, the US FDA approved onabotulinumtoxinA (BOTOX®) to treat spasticity in the flexor muscles of the elbow, wrist, and fingers in adults with stroke, traumatic brain injury, or the progression of multiple sclerosis.On February 1, 2019, the US FDA approved Jeuveau® (prabotulinumtoxinA) for the temporary improvement of moderate-to-severe glabellar lines

Results: Botulinum toxin works as a wonder drug in therapeutic applications-Blepherospasm,Hemifacial Spasm,Cervical Dystonia,Chronic Migraine,Post Stroke Spasticity,Cerebral Palsy,Over active Bladder,Neurogenic detrusa overactivity and Focal Dystonias.Few Aesthetic applications-GC complex,Forehead lines,Crows' feet,Bunny Lines,Mouth Frown and Dimpled chin / Mental crease

Conclusion: Botulinum toxin is a wonder drug in therapeutic and clinical applications and Aesthetics.Lot of wonders are still awaited and its applications for advanced indications are fast evolving.

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Objectives: To document a difference in patients awareness of sensory symptoms after botulinum neurotoxin A treatments associated with different formulations

Introduction: A retrospective review of patients who switched from onabotulinumtoxinA (onaA) and/or abobotulinumtoxinA (aboA) to incobotulinumtoxinA (incoA) found anecdotal reports of differences in ‘feel’,including a ‘lighter’ feel or treatment-associated tightness. To document this, we surveyed symptom incidence as an initial proof of concept of toxin proprioception among our patients who switched toxins.

Materials / method: Seventy-nine patients who had past facial aesthetic treatments with more than one botlinum toxin A (BoNT/A) formulation completed a questionnaire on their experience of treatment-associated sensations, including stiffness or a frozen feeling.

Results: Symptoms reported by 69.6% of patients were tightness (33%), headache (29%), heaviness (27%), feeling frozen (20%), stiff(14%) or weak (14%). Furthermore, 54% noted an inter-formulation sensory difference; 68% of onaA-treated patients associated their symptoms with onaA, 39% of aboA-treated patients associated their symptoms with aboA, and 12% of incoA-treated patients associated their symptoms with incoA.

Conclusion: Some patients switching between preparations reported a different ‘feel’ between toxins Given the fine coordination of facial expressive muscles, we suspect that associated proprioceptive afferents may be at play. Our findings confirm that post-toxin sensory symptoms can be detected by some patients and this is likely due to the variations between the formulations. Some patients may consider switching formulations to reduce these conscious proprioceptive symptoms. Failing to advise patients of this sensory aspect prior to switching formulations may cause a misperception that the treatment is

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请注明名称（个人，公司，学会等等）: Merz Aesthetics

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