Objectives: AIM AND OBJECTIVES

To find the correlation between Alopecia Areata and thyroid related disorders.
Objective –
1. To assess the severity and duration of Alopecia Areata in varied age
groups of patients visiting the dermatology OPD.
2. To determine the levels of serum T3, T4, TSH and anti-TPO antibodies
in patients with Alopecia Areata.
3. To compare the association between Alopecia Areata and thyroid
dysfunction.

Introduction: Alopecia Areata (AA) is a common hair loss condition with a lifetime
prevalence of approximately 2% that is characterized by acute onset of non-scarring
hair loss in usually sharply defined areas. The most frequent clinical presentation of AA is in the form of single or multiple patches. The characteristic patch of AA is usually round or oval and is completely bald and smooth. Occasionally, AA may progress to complete baldness, which is referred to as alopecia (areata) totalis. When the entire body suffers from complete hair loss, it is referred to as alopecia (areata) universalis.

Materials / method: Study design: Cross sectional study
Inclusion criteria –
- All consenting patients aged between 7 to 70 years with clinically diagnosed Alopecia Areata attending skin OPD were included in the study.
Patients belonging to Paediatric age group, consent from both the parents was obtained
- Both sexes were included

Exclusion criteria:
- Patients with other autoimmune disorders
- Patients on systemic steroids

Sample size: 100 participants
Sampling technique – Convenience sampling

Results: Positive family history of alopecia areata was noted in 83% cases. Atopy was noted in 60% of patients. Patchy type was the most common type of AA encountered (69%). Nail involvement was seen in 13% cases and pitting was the commonest finding. Three patients (3%) had hypothyroidism as defined by low T3 & T4 levels. None of our patients had deranged TSH levels. Anti TPO antibody positivity was observed in 43 % and anti-thyroglobulin antibody positivity was observed in 31 % of the study participants. No correlation was found between Alopecia Areata and thyroid disorder.

Conclusion: Our study found no significant association between Alopecia areata and autoimmune thyroid dysfunction. Lack of control group, small sample size and lack of long term follow up are the limitations of the present study. We suggest studies
involving large sample size with control group and with long term follow up to
determine the association between alopecia areata and thyroid dysfunction.
Our findings do not support screening for thyroid disease in Alopecia areata
patients without obvious thyroid disorder. Longer follow ups are needed to observe if patient develop clinical thyroid dysfunction.

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Objectives: The main objectives of this case report are to present the clinical presentation and diagnosis of Urticaria Pigmentosa, recognize the role of multidisciplinary evaluation in ruling out systemic involvement, and critically assess the variable efficacy of subcutaneous Omalizumab in refractory cases.

Introduction: INTRODUCTION: Urticaria Pigmentosa is a subtype of cutaneous mastocytosis, a rare condition characterized by an abnormal proliferation of mast cells in one or more organs. It is often linked to mutations in c-kit gene. The disease presents a clinical spectrum, ranging from mild skin manifestations to systemic involvement, particularly in adults. Omalizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting immunoglobulin E (IgE), has shown potential in managing symptoms that are refractory to conventional treatment, with large cohort studies reporting a 76.8% overall response rate.

Materials / method: CASE REPORT: This is a case of a 40-year-old Filipino male who presented with 8 year-history of generalized tan to hyperpigmented macules and papules. Symptoms included severe pruritus and wheal formation triggered by scratching, friction, and humid weather. Baseline laboratories were normal. Skin biopsy showed numerous mast cells, with positive CD117 and Giemsa stains confirming the diagnosis of Urticaria Pigmentosa.

Results: The patient was referred to hematology and gastroenterology, where systemic involvement was ruled out. Oral antihistamines and topical mid-potent corticosteroids were initiated which halted the pruritus and progression of lesions, however, still with recurrence. The patient received two doses of subcutaneous Omalizumab (150 mg/vial) at 4-week intervals over 12 weeks with no reported adverse events. Response was monitored overtime, however, no significant improvement was reported in terms of pruritus, flare reduction or the number of lesions.

Conclusion: CONCLUSION: Urticaria Pigmentosa follows a chronic course and requires periodic monitoring. The primary treatment goal focuses on trigger avoidance and symptomatic control. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to confirm the absence of systemic involvement. Based on systematic reviews and several case studies, Omalizumab demonstrates promising results as a therapeutic option for refractory cases; however, clinical outcomes continue to vary among patients. Therefore, additional clinical trials are necessary to further evaluate its efficacy.

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请注明名称（个人，公司，学会等等）: Faculty of medicine, Srinakharinwirot University

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