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Objectives: Pine bark extract inhibits the induction of melanin production by melanocytes after ultraviolet, visible light, and infrared radiation.

An in vitro study was performed to evaluate the Pinus bark extract activity on human melanocyte cultures by measuring the synthesis of melanin, tyrosinase, endothelin-1​, and PPAR, under the action of ultraviolet radiation A (UVA) and B (UVB), infrared-A radiation (IRA)​, and visible light (VL).

Introduction: Botanical extracts, such as pine bark extract, have been studied for its bleaching action due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and supposedly-granted antimelanogenic activity. In addition, many efforts have been made to elucidate its possible etiopathogenic mechanisms involved in hyperpigmentation processes, such as the production of endothelin-1 and increased tyrosinase activity, which consequently lead to melanin production. Further, the genes involved in peroxisome proliferator-activating receptor signaling cascade (PPAR) seems to be downregulated.

Materials / method: Human melanocytes were seeded and incubated with a dry extract solution of Pinus pinaster, after determination of the non-cytotoxic concentrations, and exposed to UVA/UVB, IRA​, and VL, as well as the association of the radiations. Subsequently, quantification of melanin concentration​, tyrosinase activity​, endothelin-1, and PPAR mediators was performed.

Results: Pine bark extract reduced melanin synthesis up to 7.66, 5.14​, and 4.05% when compared to UVA/UVB, IRA, and association radiation, respectively. In relation to the activity of the enzyme tyrosinase, Pycnogenol® achieved approximately a 66.5% reduction in enzymatic activity and showed reductions in the synthesis of endothelin-1 by up to 56.47, 59.33, 58.00, and 73.03% when compared to UVA/UVB, IRA, VL​, and association radiation, respectively. The synthesis of PPAR was reduced up to 38.41, 26.39, 19.51, and 56.44% when compared to UVA/UVB, IRA, VL, and association radiation, respectively.

Conclusion: Pine bark extract reduces the production of melanic pigmentation by downregulating tyrosinase, endothelin-1, and PPAR synthesis.

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Objectives: Be able to treat dark skin by chemical peels, either to remove darker pigmented spots, or to get an anti-aging action on wrinkles and loss of firmness.

Introduction: Treating ethnic skins has always been a challenge. Because these skins have the remarkable ability to produce too much pigment during healing or after exfoliation or a simple scratch.
We will try to explain how to prevent, treat and manage this risk in the practice of chemical peels.

Materials / method: Some peeling formulas are in essence intended for the treatment of ethnic skin, other formulas are not specific. In this case, the preparation of the skin, the technique of application and the attentive follow-up, will bring a security, never total however. We will explain that.

Results: Under these conditions, it is possible even on dark skin, treat melasmas in 80% of cases, treat wrinkles and even have a lifting effect in the most serious cases. Scars can also be treated.

Conclusion: We hope to be able to transmit our techniques of treatment by chemical peels, which are really methods all the more that it is about skins with risk of rebound pigmentary.

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请注明名称（个人，公司，学会等等）: Dermaceutic

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Objectives: Acne is a quite prevalent condition for which medical advise is often required especially for dark skin patients.
The aim of this presentation is to identify PIH, in patients with acne, to establish the frequency of such condition and to know what are the best tools to manage it.

Introduction: Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation can pose a greater concern (PIH) than the acne lesions themselves.

Materials / method: Through a 5-year (2014-2019) analysis of personal records on acne patients in a dermatology clinic in Tunis, we will identify symptoms and signs leading to dermatologic advise and the therapeutic approach will be discussed from education to therapeutic methods, especially in III-IV Fitzpatrick skin patients.

Results: Records of a five year study from an outpatient clinic in Tunis , collected 720 patients. Among them 440 were sufferinf from PIH (61%). Duration of PIH exceeded one year in 42 % of patients 300/720.
One third of the patients was over 20 years.
Conventional medical treatment was efficient and well tolerated in all patients, apart from patients who suffer from prurigo (10/740)
Peeling sessions were associated to medical treatment in 20% of the patients

Conclusion: We have to make a correct analysis of the lesions, not to treat the pigmentation only
But the causal acne, even a mild one.
Reassure the patient about the reversible caracter of the lesions unless they are no more excoriating their skin and using adapted sunscren.

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Objectives: Explore the potential of isobutylamido thiazolyl resorcinol for the treatment of hyperpigmentation

Introduction: Hyperpigmentation is a major cosmetic concern. Various strategies have been proposed to reduce unwanted melanin production in human skin. Since tyrosinase is the rate-limiting enzyme of melanin production, selective tyrosinase inhibitors are considered effective and safe treatments for hyperpigmentation. However, most known tyrosinase inhibitors lack clinical efficacy because they were selected based on their ability to inhibit mushroom tyrosinase. Using a recombinant human tyrosinase, we recently identified Isobutylamido thiazolyl resorcinol (abbreviated: thiamidol) as a highly effective inhi

Materials / method: The inhibition of human tyrosinase was assayed by measuring L-Dopa oxidase activity and melanin production in melanocyte assays. For in vivo efficacy, facial hyperpigmentation was evaluated in a double-blinded randomized clinical study for 12 weeks.

Results: In comparison to other well-known inhibitors of human skin pigmentation, thiamidol was by far the most potent compound. Further analysis of the mode of action revealed that thiamidol is a strictly competitive inhibitor of the human enzyme and only marginally inhibits mushroom tyrosinase. A clinical study on facial hyperpigmentation revealed that thiamidol potently reduced mMASI scores.

Conclusion: We show here that thiamidol is a very effective inhibitors of human tyrosinase (in vitro) and a highly effective inhibitor of hyperpigmentation (in vivo).

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请注明名称（个人，公司，学会等等）: Beiersdorf AG

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请注明名称（个人，公司，学会等等）: Author is employee of Beiersdorf AG

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请注明日期: granted
和审阅情况: first patent application submitted 2011

这项工作的完成感谢以下机构的支持： Beiersdorf AG

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Objectives: Hyperpigmentation is the most common dermatologic concern in skin of color. Common types of hyperpigmentation include melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. This session will review challenging cases of hyperpigmentation. The session will review diagnostic challenges when it comes to hyperpigmentation. It will also review alternatives to hydroquinone and other therapies to treat challenging cases of hyperpigmentation.

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请注明名称（个人，公司，学会等等）: Specific Beauty LLC

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