Objectives: 1. Understand what vascular mapping is using ultrasound.
2. Understand the value of vascular mapping
3. Which areas are the primary targets for vascular mapping and why
4. The difference between vascular mapping and "safe" mapping
5. The practical aspects of performing vascular mapping in your practice

Introduction: With the introduction of ultrasound in aesthetics, the provider is able to visualize realtime anatomy before, during, and after injection procedures. The most important aspect of filler injections is to perform the procedure safely. While vascular anatomy is inherently variable, ultrasound permits visualization of vascular structures, their exact location and depth.

Materials / method: Dr. Weiner shows his vascular mapping technique and introduces the concept of "safe" mapping.

Results: n/a

Conclusion: Vascular mapping is a valuable tool to consider adopting for improving injection safety. "Safe" mapping is a modification which allows for faster evaluation of patients and is used to determine if the proposed area for injection is free of vascular structures.

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Objectives: The authors assessed the deposition pattern of HA in adipose tissue both by ultrasound and histologically, as well as the tissue response at short and intermediate term. The effects of strong finger pressure after injection (as for the purpose of remodelling) on ultrasound results were also compared to the histology.

Introduction: Despite the high numbers of patients are injected worldwide with Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers, few data are available on filler spread an histologic features after subcutaneous injection. More attention is being given to ultrasound examination, which may be helpful for more targeted injection, avoidance of complications, and detection of filler long after the treatment.

Materials / method: In five candidates for abdominoplasty or breast reduction, two brands of HA were injected subcutaneously in the area of excision 6 to 98 days before surgery. Ultrasound measurements and films with a 12 MHz linear probe were compared to postoperative histologic findings. Tissue response was scored semiquantitatively.

Results: Real-time ultrasound showed a slightly different deposition pattern of the two brands. Histologically, both were present in large pools of the same magnitude and looked the same. Linear retrograde injection sometimes resulted in a globular deposit, due to elastic recoil of septae. After remodeling and over time, HA deposits became difficult if not impossible to detect by 12 MHz ultrasound, whereas the histology showed that firm remodeling of the tissue immediately after injection or time had no significant effect on filler spread or tissue response.

Conclusion: HA deposition in adipose tissue occurs in much larger pools than in the dermis. Reshaping by finger pressure may have less effect than expected. Ultrasound examination with a 12 MHz probe is mostly helpful during and immediately after the injection, less so after filler remodeling, or over time. This effect is worth a verification in studies with the current high frequency probes.

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请注明名称（个人，公司，学会等等）: Restricted grant MERZ

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请注明名称（个人，公司，学会等等）: facial ultrasound courses

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Objectives: The aim of my talks is to show the anatomical characteristics of facial vasculature based on the anatomical layers and fasciae. In addition, the individual variations of the facial vessels related to various minimally invasive procedures will be shown for the safe and efficient clinical applications.

Introduction: Anatomically, the face is the most complicated structure of the human body. Especially, the structure of facial muscles including nerves and vessels is very variable and has the racial differences. Recently, the importance on the facial anatomy has been reconsidered as the interest on the facial aesthetics is increasing. In this reason, the aesthetic physicians should understand the facial anatomical structures prior to performing the clinical procedures.

Results: To avoid the serious complications after the procedure, the detailed vascular anatomy of the face is essential. In this presentation, I would like to show (1) the whole running courses of the facial artery (FA) and superficial temporal artery (STA), (2) the origin and nature of the angular artery, (3) the layered location of supratrochlear and supraorbital artery at the forehead, (4) the vasculatures of the nose, and (5) the courses and distribution patterns of the labial artery around upper and lower lip. In every items of my presentation, the clinical importance of each area will be raised.

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