利益冲突声明

您有否接受任何资金来支持研究这个主题？
否

您是否接受过关于这项研究的任何酬金或其他报酬？
否

你是否和任何与您的研究所涉及的药物，材料或工具有密切联系的实体存在财务关系？
否

你是否拥有或者您已经为您此研究中的工具，药物或材料申请任何专利？
否

这项工作没有任何直接或间接的资金支持。由作者自己承担责任。

Objectives: Important anatomic information and effective surgical techniques to anatomically reconstruct the outer female genital following FGM/C are treated.

Introduction: Anatomic defects after Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) lead into significant problems for those being affected. Anatomic reconstruction of that region, therefore, is important but complex. Aside from clitoral reconstruction further anatomic details must be considered in line with fundamental reconstructive rules. Respecting all these objectives is critical when intending to reestablish normal anatomic conditions.

Materials / method: Based on anatomic micro-dissection studies, anatomy of the clitoral region as well as donor side characteristics of adjacent regions especially the genito-femoral sulcus were evaluated for vulvo-clitoral reconstruction. Findings were used to define an algorithm of newly developed and proven reconstructive techniques in line with regular anatomy named the anterior Obturator Artery Perforator (aOAP) flap, the Omega-Domed (OD) flap, and the Neurotizing and Molding of the Clitoral Stump (NMCS) procedure.

Results: The aOAP-flap for vulvar reconstruction, the OD-flap for preputial reconstruction, and the NMCS-procedure for clitoral reconstruction prove reliable results. Disorders of form and function of the outer female genital following FGM/C are repaired anatomically.

Conclusion: The aOAP-flap, the OD-flap, and the NMCS-procedure developed by the author meet the reconstructive objectives of an anatomic restoration of form and function of the outer female genital. Operative techniques described therefore contribute effectively to restore genital integrity of females affected by FGM/C.

利益冲突声明

您有否接受任何资金来支持研究这个主题？
否

您是否接受过关于这项研究的任何酬金或其他报酬？
否

你是否和任何与您的研究所涉及的药物，材料或工具有密切联系的实体存在财务关系？
否

你是否拥有或者您已经为您此研究中的工具，药物或材料申请任何专利？
否

这项工作没有任何直接或间接的资金支持。由作者自己承担责任。

Objectives: We aimed to prove that hyaluronic acid is a safety and practical alternative choice to use in both vulva and vagina for aesthetic and functional goals as an regenerative and volumising agent.

Introduction: Although it is a natural molecule of mammals, bacterial biofermented Hyaluronic Acid was also safely used in many parts of human body for years. It was also topically used in uterus as a barrier after uterin synechia surgeries. In recent years it was begun to use both aesthetic and functional goals in female genitalia due to its regeneartive and volumising effects.

Materials / method: In our clinical routine, although we use HA for augmentation of labia majora, G area and posterior wall of vagina (Introital Tongue® injection), last year, we had an multicenter study to prove the safety and effectiveness of HA for the treatment of GUS complaints of postmenopausal women who cannot or don’t want to use E2 replacement. We evaluate 45 patients who are accepted the study with VAS, VHI and FSFI questionnarries together with vaginal biopsy before and one month after 2ml multifractional, intercalated HA injection intravaginally.

Results: Although this evidence based study just completed but we could not get the statistical reports yet, However, we became to get some earlier, hopefull and acceptable results together with the patients’ plesant. Most of the patients have “very good” results on VAS and “15-30 points” increasing on FSFI scorings. There are significant and comperable enhancements on pathological materials too.

Conclusion: There are many scientific study about HA in the literature not only as an augmentative agent but also as a regenerative. We hope that it can be a good, safety, practical and cost-effective choice for the treatment of genitourinary symptoms of menopause especially for the women who don’t want to use hormon replacement or who are contra-indicated for these treatments.

利益冲突声明

您有否接受任何资金来支持研究这个主题？
否

您是否接受过关于这项研究的任何酬金或其他报酬？
否

你是否和任何与您的研究所涉及的药物，材料或工具有密切联系的实体存在财务关系？
否

你是否拥有或者您已经为您此研究中的工具，药物或材料申请任何专利？
否

这项工作没有任何直接或间接的资金支持。由作者自己承担责任。

利益冲突声明

您有否接受任何资金来支持研究这个主题？
是
请注明名称（个人，公司，学会等等）: venus concept

您是否接受过关于这项研究的任何酬金或其他报酬？
否
请注明名称（个人，公司，学会等等）: venus co

你是否和任何与您的研究所涉及的药物，材料或工具有密切联系的实体存在财务关系？
否

你是否拥有或者您已经为您此研究中的工具，药物或材料申请任何专利？
否

这项工作没有任何直接或间接的资金支持。由作者自己承担责任。