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Objectives: The occurrence of ‘retrograde flow along the cannula/needle tract’ during filler injections has not been extensively addressed.
The retrograde flow phenomenon can be described as follows: as the cannula creates a tract in the tissue, filler can spread within this potential space. This is because filler material tends to spread towards areas of least resistance.
According to rheology, the extent of flow depends on the filler's cohesivity and the applied compression force.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the retrograde phenomenon is a unidirectional lateral dispersion of filler material along cannula/needle tract where is the area of least resistance. The primary factors influencing this phenomenon are filler cohesivity and compression force applied during injection.
Ultrasound can help assessing the amount of Back-flow and expecting the proper outcome.

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Objectives: To explore the integration of ultrasound imaging with microfocused ultrasound treatments, focusing on its impact on treatment precision, planning, and patient safety.

Introduction: Microfocused ultrasound treatments have gained prominence for their non-invasive benefits, yet their effectiveness is highly dependent on accurate targeting. Integrating ultrasound imaging aims to improve the precision and outcome of these treatments by enabling real-time visualization and adjustment.

Materials / method: This study utilized high-frequency ultrasound (24 MHz) to visualize the anatomy of the treatment areas, allowing for adjustments to both the depth and intensity settings of the microfocused ultrasound.

Results: The integration of ultrasound imaging resulted in enhanced precision in targeting treatment areas. We review the sonographic anatomy of the primary regions of the face and neck, distinguishing the layers and depths of the dermis, hypodermis, and the musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS). This review aids practitioners in improving accuracy in treatment planning and real-time adjustments, leading to more effective and safer outcomes. Visualizing exact treatment zones facilitates optimal depth and intensity settings.

Conclusion: Incorporating ultrasound imaging into microfocused ultrasound treatments improves precision, efficacy, and safety. This approach allows for more accurate treatment planning and real-time monitoring, ultimately providing better results and enhanced safety for patients.

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Objectives: How to create a 3D Ultrasound image in your mind through scanning techniques.
Monitoring Neurotoxin effect in Masseter hypertrophy by routine Ultrasound measurements.
Assessing Parotid size through correlation of Clinical anatomy and Ultrasound scanning.

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Objectives: A brief discussion about ultrasound-based methods for quantifying dermal aging in aesthetic consultations, aimed at improving the information typically provided by before-and-after photos.

Introduction: Before-and-after photos can be easily biased, but there is solid scientific evidence regarding ultrasound markers of dermal aging, that can be applied effectively.

Materials / method: We will describe the main ultrasound markers of dermal aging, based on ultrasound measurements and basic image analysis. We will present a clinical case in which these markers were applied to evaluate and quantify skin changes and/or improvements. The case involves a patient with clinical and ultrasonographic signs of advanced aging, who was treated with a product potentially capable of stimulating dermal collagen synthesis. Follow-up was conducted using skin ultrasound, and we describe the evolution in terms of ultrasonographic changes.

Results: The patient showed a consistent improvement in dermal aging signs, up to 49% compared to the baseline, which correlated with clinical findings and patient satisfaction.

Conclusion: This type of treatment does not usually produce radical changes in photographs but rather improves skin quality. Therefore, ultrasound becomes a valuable tool for assessing and monitoring results, providing more reliable information to patients.

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请注明名称（个人，公司，学会等等）: Skin ultrasound courses with "Dermica Laboratories Spain"

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Objectives: best tips for ultrasonography identification of dengerous zones for fillers

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Objectives: While there is a considerable amount of information available in the literatures related to US, there is very little information related to US imaging of the face. Recently, the importance on the facial anatomy has been reconsidered as the interest on the facial aesthetics is increasing. In this reason, it is speculated that the utilization of the facial US will be soon broadened to prevent the side effects.

Introduction: The use of ultrasonography (US) guidance to perform diagnostic and therapeutic injections is increasing rapidly, as is the evidence supporting its use. However, despite the increased popularity of US, there remains a lack of formal standard references, especially for procedures involving the face.

Materials / method: The BoNT-A and filler injection are widely-applied techniques for managing many aging symptoms, volume augmentation, and facial asymmetry that includes the asymmetrical smile. However, inaccurate injections sometimes may result in mild side effects. Likewise, thread lifting is now widely performed as an alternative procedure for improving facial sagging and relocating facial fat. The target layer of the face for thread lifting should be the superficial fat in order to reduce the likelihood of complications and obtain optimal outcomes.

Results: Despites wide ranges of cadaveric studies to prevent the side effects, the US-guided injection technique could be the first choice of procedure than other blind techniques. I believe that the procedures under US leads to more accurate injections into the targeted area with less complications.

Conclusion: Through my talks, I would like to introduce the US anatomical findings of the face and provide the reference images on each landmark of the face. Therefore, an in-depth morphological study using an US imaging system can yield depth and orientation on the facial muscles, blood vessels, and fascial structures of the facial area that were previously impossible to obtain. This provides crucial anatomical knowledge that can be utilized in various clinical applications such as the US-guided injections with safety and effectiveness.

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