Objectives: To review the high level evidence including systematic reviews and meta analyses on the role of oral products in the prevention and treatment of skin aging
Introduction: Several approaches have been used to prevent, delay and/or treat skin aging including topical, oral, chemical, physical, light and energy based devices, injections, and surgery. Oral products are attractive options as they are more convenient to use and may have higher compliance, but they should reach the skin in sufficient quantities to exert their actions. On the other hand, they should not accumulate in other tissues and produce side effects in long term use. They may have anti oxidant and anti inflammatory effects and/or stimulate fibroblasts.
Materials / method: The PubMed was searched for systematic reviews (SR) and meta analyses (MA) of randomized controlled trials - as the highest level of evidence- of anti-aging products.
Several oral products have been studied including water, retinoids (Isotretinoin), vitamins (C, E, A, D), carotenoids, polyphenols, fruits and plant extracts, hyaluronic acid, collagen, ceramides, fish oil, and probiotics.
Results: The available SRs and MAs provide strong evidence to support the efficacy of oral hydrolyzed collagen, polyphenols (such as Polypodium leucotomos), and carotenoids (mainly astaxanthines) in the increase of skin hydration and elasticity, improvement of skin barrier, reduction in skin wrinkles, and even prevention of skin cancers. There are also some evidence to suggest the use of drinking 1-2 liters daily water, fruit extracts and juices, ceramides and hyaluronic acid may improve skin aging.
Conclusion: Although medical journals, social media and are overwhelmed with oral products claiming anti aging properties, scientific evidence supporting their efficacy is limited. Further well designed, randomized, controlled trials on large sample size with long duration of treatment and follow up, assessing objective and important outcome parameters of skin aging such as wrinkles and skin cancers are necessary to provide solid evidence for recommending oral anti aging products.
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