Objectives: This presentation discusses the nuances of injecting the masseters with neuromodulators, taken from an anatomical perspective and shares recent data regarding facial shaping analysis and mandibular angle. The anatomy of this important and powerful muscle as well as the important facial features it is associated with will be discussed and how that can be translated to injection techniques for the reduction of mastication symptoms and facial shaping. At the conclusion of this learning activity, participants should have a better understanding of masseter anatomy and injection technique.

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请注明名称（个人，公司，学会等等）: ALLERGAN GALDERMA

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Objectives: Incjecting botulinum toxin for hyperhidrosis is often linked to side effects mostly due to migration of the product to other structures than eccrine glands. The situation may change when pneumatic drurg delivery systems are used. The advantage is first of all the precision of injection with small and controlled amount of the toxin.

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Objectives: This presentation explores the use of botulinum toxin as a treatment for Frey’s syndrome, a neurological disorder often resulting from parotidectomy or other head and neck surgeries.

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Objectives: Attendees will learn how to identify appropriate chronic migraine candidates for onabotulinumtoxinA therapy, master safe and effective injection techniques, and apply evidence-based dosing protocols. They will also recognize potential adverse effects, integrate patient monitoring strategies, and ultimately enhance symptom management and quality of life.

Introduction: Chronic migraine can severely impact daily functioning. Evidence shows that Botulinum toxin injections significantly reduce headache frequency and severity. This presentation outlines the pathophysiology underpinning botulinum toxin’s efficacy, reviews key clinical trial data, and highlights critical steps for successful treatment outcomes through a video session.

Materials / method: Data were gathered from peer-reviewed studies, clinical practice guidelines, and Dr. Treacy’s extensive experience. The PREEMPT protocol will be explained, including detailed injection sites, dosing intervals, and follow-up assessments. Emphasis is placed on patient selection criteria, injection technique, and strategies to minimize adverse effects.

Results: Observed outcomes include a marked reduction in monthly headache days, decreased reliance on rescue medications, and improved patient-reported quality of life. Adverse effects were minimal and transient. These findings corroborate existing literature, reinforcing onabotulinumtoxinA’s role as a well-tolerated, effective prophylactic treatment.

Conclusion: Botulinum toxin injections offer a safe, efficacious option for chronic migraine prophylaxis. Mastery of proper technique, patient assessment, and diligent follow-up is essential for optimal results. With continued research and practitioner education, Botox therapy can significantly enhance outcomes and quality of life for migraine patients.

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Objectives: Botulinum toxin relaxes muscles of frowning such as corrugated and sadness such depressor anguli iris which stops impulses reaching the amygdala according to facial feedback hypothesis
But is this effect psychological due to mood enhancement caused by the look get effect of the toxin or is there also a central effect or a pharmacological effect ?
If it does has a mood altering and an antidepressant effect can it be used as a tool in treatment of depression .

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Objectives: Botulinum Toxin Injection in Managing Keloids: a real-world experience with insight

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Objectives: Along side cosmetic indications we can expand the use of neurotoxins in treating non cosmetic indications like hyperhidrosis,Itch disorders,scar correction,inverse psoriasis,eczema,alopecia,post herpetic neuralgia and many others.It is a wonder drug and has promising outcomes in both cosmetic and non cosmetic therapeutic indications.It is still in the process of discovering newer indications and crossing new frontiers.

Introduction: A German physician Justinus Kerner (1786-1862) first developed the possible therapeutic use of botulinum toxin, which he called “sausage poison”. BoNT-A received US FDA approval for treatment of cervical dystonia.The acceptance of BoNT-A use for the treatment of different chronic pain disorders is growing but is US FDA approved only for chronic migraine.In 2010- the US FDA approved onabotulinumtoxinA to treat spasticity in the flexor muscles of the elbow, wrist, and fingers in adults with stroke, traumatic brain injury& the progression of multiple sclerosis

Materials / method: Mechanism of action of BTX is chemical denervation or preventing the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft.The heavy chain binds to the receptors on the cholinergic nerve endings. This is followed by endocytosis of the molecule and attachment of the light chain to the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion (SNARE complex) protein receptors after getting cleaved from the heavy chain.The binding of BT to these receptor proteins prevents the attachment of acetylcholine vesicles to the nerve endings and its further release into the synaptic cleft.

Results: There are few non cosmetic indications that can be treated with BTX .Hyperhidrosis,Hidradenitis suppurativa,Post-herpetic neuralgia,Androgenetic Alopecia,Hypertrophic scars/keloids and Trigeminal Neuralgia are few to respond well.

Conclusion: Botulinum toxin is a wonder drug with multiple therapeutic and aesthetic indications and still discovering newer ones and crossing newer frontiers adding quality and value to life.

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Objectives: • Highlight the long-term consequences of facial nerve palsy.
• Present the role of botulinum toxin in restoring facial symmetry, minimizing synkinesis, and improving muscle relaxation.
• Provide practical botulinum therapy protocols for various cases of irreversible consequences of facial nerve palsy, enabling effective correction of facial asymmetry and reduction of involuntary movements.
• Emphasize the psycho-emotional benefits of aesthetic interventions in functional rehabilitation.

Introduction: Facial nerve palsy is one of the most prevalent cranial nerve disorders. Its irreversible consequences, including flaccid paralysis (weakness of mimic muscles, ectropion, lagophthalmos, difficulties with chewing and articulation) and spastic paralysis (synkinesis, involuntary spasms, hyperkinesis, myokymia, and "crocodile tears" syndrome), can lead to significant physical and psychological distress. This presentation explores the relevance of botulinum therapy in the treatment of the irreversible consequences of facial paralysis.

Materials / method: In this presentation, an analysis was conducted of four clinical cases of patients with long-term consequences of facial nerve palsy, including cases with synkinesis, hyperkinesias, and platysma
hypertonicity. Botulinum toxin was used to target key mimetic muscles with individualized dosages and injection sites. Treatment outcomes were assessed through visual evaluations, patient-reported satisfaction, and objective improvements in facial symmetry, muscle relaxation, and reduction of involuntary movements.
Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained.

Results: Botulinum toxin treatment led to significant improvements in patients with long-term consequences of facial nerve palsy. Enhanced facial symmetry, reduced platysma hypertonicity, and relaxation of mimetic muscles were observed in all cases. Synkinesis and hyperkinesias were minimized, resulting in better control of involuntary movements. Patients reported high satisfaction due to aesthetic and functional improvements, alongside positive psycho-emotional changes.
Follow-up evaluations confirmed consistent results, with no adverse effects recorded during the treatment period.

Conclusion: Botulinum toxin treatment is an effective approach for managing long-term consequences of facial nerve palsy. It improves facial symmetry, reduces hypertonicity, and minimizes involuntary movements, such as synkinesis and hyperkinesias. These outcomes not only enhance facial aesthetics but also significantly improve patients' psycho-emotional well-being and quality of life.
The treatment is safe, with no adverse effects observed during follow-up, making it a valuable option in aesthetic and functional rehabilitation.

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