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Hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD) following a lesion of the dentato-rubro-olivary pathway (DROP) is a well-known imaging finding and has extensively been described in the recent literature. We reviewed our patients with HOD as a result of a lesion of the DROP in order to analyze the disruption of the DROP and the resulting HOD in comparison with the literature. We observed unusual imaging findings in four patients. In two patients it concerned new observations related to the timing and imaging appearances of HOD. HOD became only visible 6 years after a lesion in the red nucleus in one patient and a cystic degeneration of the olivary nucleus was seen 3 years after the HOD in a second patient. In two patients we found HOD that could only be explained by the existence of an afferent feedback loop between the dentate nucleus and the inferior olivary nucleus and by the knowledge that these fibers run through the ipsilateral olivary nucleus before ending in the contralateral olivary nucleus. In one of these patients the lesion was located in the inferior cerebellar peduncle. In the other patient the lesion was located on the midline in the medulla oblongata. The imaging findings in these patients reveal new observations in the stages of imaging appearances in HOD and shed light on the forgotten dentato-olivary afferent feedback loop of the DROP. Clin. Anat. 30:543-549, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. read more
Congenital limb deficiencies are common birth defects occurring in 1 in 2000 neonates, characterized by the aplasia or hypoplasia of bones of the limbs. Fibular hemimelia is a rare congenital deficiency or absence of the fibula. The disease spectrum ranges from mild fibular hypoplasia to fibular aplasia. Fibular aplasia, tibial campomelia, and oligosyndactyly (FATCO syndrome) are purely descriptive terms for a syndrome of unknown genetic basis and inheritance. We report on a newborn female with malformations consisting of fibular hypoplasia, tibial campomelia, and oligosyndactyly, a second FATCO variant case. We also review previously reported cases. Given the paucity of reports on this rare syndrome and the lack of a standardized treatment approach, it is important that each case of FATCO syndrome is reported. read more
