Objectives: Anatomically, the face is the most complicated structure of the human body.
Recently, the importance on the facial anatomy has been reconsidered as the interest on the facial aesthetics is increasing. The aesthetic physicians should understand the anatomy of the facial musculature. Through this lecture, I would like to show the 3-dimensional layered facial anatomy and the individual variations of the face related to minimally-invasive procedures for the safe and efficient clinical applications.
Introduction: The BoNT-A and filler injection are widely-applied techniques for managing masseteric hypertrophy, gummy smiling, several facial wrinkles, volume augmentation, and facial asymmetry that includes the asymmetrical smile. However, inaccurate injections sometimes may result in mild side effects such as bleeding, bruising, or muscle bulging along with more serious side effects including skin necrosis and blindness. Recently, wide ranges of cadaveric studies have been published to prevent these side effects from occurring while optimizing results.
Results: To avoid the serious complications after the injection, the detailed vascular anatomy of the face is essential. In this presentation, I would like to show (1) the whole running courses of the facial artery (FA) and superficial temporal artery (STA), (2) the origin and nature of the angular artery, and (3) the vasculatures of the nose. In every item of my presentation, the clinical importance of each area will be raised. In addition, I would like to suggest some injection techniques to reduce the vascular problems related with filler Injection.
Conclusion: Through my talks, I would like to introduce the US anatomical findings of the facial layers and provide the reference images on each landmark of the face. Therefore, an in-depth morphological study using an US imaging system can yield depth and orientation on the facial muscles, blood vessels, and fascial structures of the facial area that were previously impossible to obtain.
Disclosures
Did you receive any funding to support your research for this TOPIC?
No
Were you provided with any honoraria, payment or other compensation for your work on this study?
No
Do you have any financial relationship with any entity which may closely compete with the medications, materials or instruments covered by your study?
No
Do you own or have you applied for any patents in conjunction with the instruments, medications or materials discussed in your study?
No
This work was not supported by any direct or non direct funding. It is under the author's own responsability